The patient underwent ECG-gated CT imaging preoperatively, 11 days postoperatively and 5.5 months postoperatively. The scans were performed on a Somatom® Definition Flash CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) during breath-hold, with the patient in supine, feetfirst position, and administration of 80 mL intravenous contrast agent (Visipaque 320 mg I/mL, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) administered at 4 mL/second. The CT rotation time was 0.3 s, with collimation 64 × 0.6 mm, slice thickness 1 mm, slice increment 0.5 mm, reconstruction matrix 512 × 512 pixels, convolution kernel i36f, pixel size ranging 0.6 × 0.6 − 0.8 × 0.8 mm, tube voltage 120 kV with automated tube current modulation and automated pitch factor based on the heart rate. Retrospective gating allowed reconstruction of 10 equally sized CT volumes, representing 10 phases of the cardiac cycle from 0 to 90% of the R–R interval. A previously established image registration algorithm5 (link),8 (link) was used to obtain a phase-averaged CT volume and 10 deformation fields. The deformation fields can be used to translate voxels of the phase-averaged CT volume to the corresponding locations in the 10 cardiac phases. This allowed a single measurement to be translated to each cardiac phase and thereby diminish the observer dependence.
Visipaque 320 mg 1 ml
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Visipaque 320 mg I/mL is a non-ionic, iodinated contrast medium used in radiological procedures. It is a water-soluble, low-osmolar contrast agent with a viscosity of 10.4 cP at 37°C. The active ingredient is iodixanol, which has an iodine concentration of 320 mg I/mL.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
8 protocols using visipaque 320 mg 1 ml
1
4D CT Imaging of Cardiac Dynamics
2
Embolization of Vascular Targets via DSA
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A digital subtraction angiography (DSA) system (Fluorostar, General Electric Medical System, Minneapolis, USA) was used for radiological procedures. Percutaneous access was aseptically performed by femoral arterial ultrasound-guided puncture with the Seldinger method using a 6-French vascular introducer.
Catheterization of vascular targets was performed using an Envoy® 5F catheter (DePuy Synthes, Raynham, MA, USA) allowing access to the ascending pharyngeal arteries and kidney arteries.
DSAs were performed first (Visipaque 320 mg I/ml, GE), and then embolization was performed through a DMSO-compatible microcatheter (Marathon; Covidien/ev3 Neurovascular, Irvine, CA) after selective microcatheterization.
Before embolization with S18® or AS18, the microcatheter dead space was flushed with saline serum before being filled with an adequate volume of DMSO.
All procedures were performed by the same experienced interventional radiologist and in the same fashion. The embolization endpoint occurred when a complete occlusion of the artery was achieved on final DSA images.
Catheterization of vascular targets was performed using an Envoy® 5F catheter (DePuy Synthes, Raynham, MA, USA) allowing access to the ascending pharyngeal arteries and kidney arteries.
DSAs were performed first (Visipaque 320 mg I/ml, GE), and then embolization was performed through a DMSO-compatible microcatheter (Marathon; Covidien/ev3 Neurovascular, Irvine, CA) after selective microcatheterization.
Before embolization with S18® or AS18, the microcatheter dead space was flushed with saline serum before being filled with an adequate volume of DMSO.
All procedures were performed by the same experienced interventional radiologist and in the same fashion. The embolization endpoint occurred when a complete occlusion of the artery was achieved on final DSA images.
3
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Prevention
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All patients received normal saline 1cc/kg/h 12 h before procedure and continued 12 h thereafter. The diuretics were discontinued 24 h before procedure. The patients continued their regular medications like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and statins. The CM was Iodixanol (Visipaque 320mg I/ml, GE healthcare, Norway). The dose of CM was according to weight × 5/Serum Cr formula. All patients were followed for 48 h and serum Cr was checked. In this period all patients were evaluated for hemodynamic status, use of possible nephrotoxic agents and other medical conditions.
4
Brain Contrast-Enhanced CT Imaging Protocol
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All patients underwent a brain contrast-enhanced CT scan using a 16-slice multi-detector CT scanner (Neusoft Medical System Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China, www.neusoftmedical.com ),
with the acquisition parameters as follows: axial scan mode, 120 kV, 180 mAs, detector collimation, 4×0.75 mm2, and matrix size 512×512. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed after 5-7 min following intravenous administration of 90 mL of iodinated contrast medium (Iodixanol 652 mg/mL; Visipaque 320 mg I/mL; GE Healthcare Biosciences, Little Chalfont, UK). All CT scan images were obtained with the same scanner and protocol to reduce the influence factors on image intensity variation.
with the acquisition parameters as follows: axial scan mode, 120 kV, 180 mAs, detector collimation, 4×0.75 mm2, and matrix size 512×512. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed after 5-7 min following intravenous administration of 90 mL of iodinated contrast medium (Iodixanol 652 mg/mL; Visipaque 320 mg I/mL; GE Healthcare Biosciences, Little Chalfont, UK). All CT scan images were obtained with the same scanner and protocol to reduce the influence factors on image intensity variation.
5
Poloxamer 407 Contrast Formulations
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X-ray-imageable Poloxamer 407 (POL) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) formulations were prepared according to the cold method previously described by Huang et a/.27 (link), with modifications to generate five concentrations of POL, 17, 18, 20, 21, and 22% (w/v) (POL17, POL18, POL20, POL21, and POL22, respectively), in normal saline (Quality Biological, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) with iodixanol (Visipaque 320 mg I/mL, GE Healthcare (Boston, MA, USA) added to a final concentration of 40 mg I/mL. Briefly, the respective amounts of poloxamer, iodixanol, and normal saline were added to a total volume of 50 mL. The solution was maintained at 4°C under magnetic stirring for at least 12 h. A similar procedure generated nonimageable POL formulations at the same poloxamer concentrations without iodixanol.
6
Contrast-Enhanced CT Imaging Protocol
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All patients underwent CT scans using a Lightspeed VCT (GE Healthcare) or Brilliance iCT (PHILIPS). The scanning parameters were set to a tube voltage of 80–120 kV, tube current of automatic, noise index of 12, scanning layer thickness of 5 mm, pitch of 0.6–1.1. An isotonic iodine contrast agent (Visipaque 320 mg I/mL, GE Healthcare) was used for the contrast agent protocol. The injection dose (mL) was calculated using the formula of 2 × body weight (kg), with a maximum dose of 80 mL. The contrast agent was injected from the peripheral superficial vein by a high-pressure syringe at a rate of 0.5–3.5 mL/s for 18–20 s, followed by flushing of the tube with saline at the same rate for 6–8 s. Initially, a CT scan without the use of a contrast agent was conducted. Subsequently, images in the arterial and venous phases were obtained at 20–28 s and 55–66 s after the injection of the contrast agent, respectively.
7
Retrospective CT Analysis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
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In this retrospective study, multi-slice CT scans of 10 patients with pathologically proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were enrolled. CT scans were acquired prior to obtaining the tissue sample by percutaneous core needle biopsy or a fine needle aspiration (FNA) using endosonography (EUS). All imaging was performed at a radiology department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, using a 16-detector-row CT scanner (Somatom Emotion, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with confirming the study protocol by the Local Ethics Committee of Shariati Hospital. Oral contrast material was administered orally 90 to 120 min prior to the exam. The scans included non-enhanced CT of the abdomen, contrast-enhanced pancreatic parenchymal phase (40–45 s) CT of the abdomen, and portal phase (70 s) CT of the abdomen and pelvis. All patients received an intravenous injection of 1.5 ml per kilogram of body weight of an iodinated contrast agent (Visipaque 320 mg I/ml; GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, England) at a rate of 3.5 mL/sec (maximum total amount of 150 mL). Images were obtained craniocaudally with thin collimation (1.5 mm) and other scan parameters were section thickness (3 mm), voltage (120 Kv), and effective tube current time charge (200–250 mAs). Two experienced abdominal radiologists manually segmented the pancreas on CT images in each slice.
8
Predicting Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
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From November 2012 to December 2014, 253 patients scheduled for coronary or peripheral angiography or angioplasty with an eGFR ≤30 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 or Mehran risk score ≥11 were analyzed.
The eGFR was calculated with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease 17 and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula. 18 (link) The risk score for predicting CI-AKI was defined according to Mehran et al. 19 (link) Iodixanol (Visipaque 320 mg I/mL; GE), a nonionic, iso-osmolar CM, was used in all patients. CM volume >3× eGFR was considered suggestive of increased risk of CI-AKI. 20 (link) The study was accepted by the ethical committee, and an informed consent was obtained from all patients.
The eGFR was calculated with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease 17 and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula. 18 (link) The risk score for predicting CI-AKI was defined according to Mehran et al. 19 (link) Iodixanol (Visipaque 320 mg I/mL; GE), a nonionic, iso-osmolar CM, was used in all patients. CM volume >3× eGFR was considered suggestive of increased risk of CI-AKI. 20 (link) The study was accepted by the ethical committee, and an informed consent was obtained from all patients.
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