Minimum essential medium-alpha modification (α-MEM) with Glutamax™-1 was purchased from Gibco BRL (NY, USA). Trypsin (0.25%) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from CellMax (Beijing, China). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) kit was purchased from Bimake (TX, USA). Cell cycle kit was purchased from BD Biosciences (CA, USA). Cell culture plates were purchased from Eppendorf (Hamburg, Germany) and Transwell chambers purchased from Corning (NY, USA). All ELISA kits were purchased from Multi Sciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, China). All human recombinant cytokines were purchased from Peprotech (London, UK). TRIzol reagent and DNase I kits were obtained from TaKaRa Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Dalian, China). All-in-One cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kit was purchased from Biotool (TX, USA). 2× SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (low ROX) kit was obtained from Bimake (TX, USA). The antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (MA, USA). Monoiodoacetate (MIA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, USA). Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation Medium kit, Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation Medium kit, and Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation Medium kit were purchased from Cyagen Biosciences (Suzhou, China).
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