The dried leaves were ground, and 250 mg of each sample was extracted with 50 mL of extra-pure water at 80 • C overnight. Filtrates passed through 0.45 µm membrane filters (Advantec) were used for ion and sugar analyses following the same procedures as the juice analysis.
0.45 m membrane filter
Manufactured by Advantec
Sourced in Japan
The 0.45 µm membrane filter is a laboratory equipment designed to remove particulates and microorganisms from liquid samples. It features a pore size of 0.45 micrometers, which allows the passage of dissolved substances while effectively retaining larger particles. The filter is made of a durable material suitable for various filtration applications in research, analysis, and quality control settings.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using 0.45 m membrane filter
1
Aqueous Leaf Extraction Protocol
2
Sugarcane Juice Composition Analysis
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After thawing the juices, EC was measured with a portable conductivity meter (LAQUAtwin EC-33B, Horiba). The juice samples were then diluted 100-fold with extra-pure water and passed through 0.45 µm membrane filters (Advantec) for ion and sugar analyses. The concentrations of the major ions present in sugarcane juice (i.e., Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl -, PO 4 3-, and SO 4 2-) were determined by ion chromatographs (ICS-1600, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The columns and eluents used for cation analysis were Ion Pac CS12 and 20 mM methane sulfonic acid solution; and those used for anion analysis were Ion Pac AS22 and a mixed solution of 4.5 mM sodium carbonate and 1 mM sodium hydrogen carbonate, respectively. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose concentrations were determined via high-pressure liquid chromatography (Shimadzu) composed of a liquid chromatograph (LC-20AD), a column oven (CTO-20A), a refractive index detector (RID-10A), and an autosampler (SIL-20A). The column and eluent used were SCR 101-H and degassed extra-pure water, respectively.
3
RP-HPLC Analysis of Sugars in Digested Fractions
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A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used for the separation and determination of sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in the digested fractions. The supernatants collected from simulated digestion were first filtered through 0.45 µm membrane filter (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan). The chromatographic separation was performed using HPLC system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with pump (LC-20 AD), refractive index detector (RID-20A), column (Shim-pack SCR-101N), oven (CTO-20 AC), and degassing unit (DGU-20A3). The mobile phase, ultrapure water, was pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 under isocratic elution at a constant oven temperature of 60 °C. Analytical data were collected and processed by LabSolutions software (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).
4
Sampling and Preservation of River Water
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River water samples were taken during 2008 and 2011 from 33 rivers-in mainland China (6), South-Korea (5), Taiwan (4) and Japan (18) (Fig. 1, Table 2), all known habitats of Japanese eel. One-liter water samples from the lowest freshwater reach of each river were filtered through a 0.45µm membrane filter (ADVANTEC, Tokyo, Japan) soon after sampling, and then acidified (1%) using concentrated ultrapure HCl (Tamapure-AA-100, Tama Chemicals, Tokyo, Japan) and stored in acid-washed polypropylene bottles. All glass filtration materials and sampling bottles were acidwashed prior to use.
5
Sewage Analysis of Organic Pollutants
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All reagents used were of analytical-reagent grade. 6-Aminohexanoic acid, acetic acid (AcOH), An + , NaCl, NaOH, and Py + were obtained from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). BGEs were a mixture of AcOH and NaOH. A stock solution of An + and Py + was prepared in water at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. It was serially diluted to prepare standard solutions. Sewage samples, before (S1) and after treatment (S2), were taken from a sewage treatment plant near our university. All solutions, including the sewage samples, were filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter (Advantec Toyo Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan) before use.
Distilled, demineralized water, obtained from an automatic still (WG220; Yamato Kagaku, Tokyo, Japan) and a Simpli Lab-UV high purity water apparatus (Merck Millipore, Tokyo, Japan) was used throughout.
Distilled, demineralized water, obtained from an automatic still (WG220; Yamato Kagaku, Tokyo, Japan) and a Simpli Lab-UV high purity water apparatus (Merck Millipore, Tokyo, Japan) was used throughout.
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