Fluoromax 4 spectrofluorometer

Melting points were measured with a Yanaco micro melting point apparatus MP model. FTIR spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu IRAffinity-1 spectrometer by ATR method. High-resolution mass spectra were acquired on a Thermo Fisher Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian-400 (400 MHz) FT NMR spectrometer. Photoabsorption spectra were measured with a Hitachi U-2910 spectrophotometer, and fluorescence spectra were measured with a Horiba FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer. The fluorescence quantum yields in solution were determined by a Horiba FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer by using a calibrated integrating sphere system. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves were recorded in DMF/Bu₄NClO₄ (0.1 M) solution with a three-electrode system consisting of Ag/Ag⁺ as reference electrode, a Pt plate as working electrode, and Pt wire as counter electrode by using an electrochemical measurement system HZ-7000 (Hokuto Denko).

The UV–vis
extinction spectra were recorded on a JASCO V-730 spectrophotometer
in the 200–800 nm wavelength range, equipped with a Peltier
thermo cell holder to adjust and control the temperature (5–70
°C). To provide the relevant temperature, the sample was kept
in the cell holder for 300 s before each scan. Changes in OPE emission
spectra were measured on a FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer (Horiba
Jobin Yvon) for the selected excitation wavelengths of 350, 377, and
450 nm.^{30 (link)} The OPE excitation–emission
maps of free PDs were determined using the FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer.
To estimate absolute fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs), emission
and excitation signals were collected on a custom-built setup, consisting
of an integrating sphere, an FLS 980 Edinburgh Instruments spectrometer,
and a BDL-375-SMN picosecond laser diode (377 nm). The abovementioned
fluorescence spectroscopic measurements were performed at room temperature.
The temperature-dependent OPE emission spectra were recorded upon
the excitation at 350, 377, and 450 nm on an FS5 spectrofluorometer
(Edinburgh Instruments). The experimental setup was equipped with
a temperature-controlled sample holder (SC-25) and a TC 1 temperature
controller (Quantum NorthWest), enabling the temperature to be tuned
from 5 to 70 °C.

The absorption and PL spectra of the colloidal solutions were recorded using a FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer (Horiba Jobin Yvon, Kyoto, Japan). X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were obtained using a Rigaku, MiniFlex diffractometer (Tokyo, Japan) in the 2θ range of 10–50°. The morphology of the perovskite thin film before and after the phase transition process was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Apreo S HiVac, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). The PLQY of the thin film was recorded using an integrating sphere (Figure S2) with a FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer (Horiba Jobin Yvon). The film was prepared on bare glass (15 mm × 15 mm).