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5 protocols using anti α tubulin dm1α

1

Drosophila Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting

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For each genotype, 15 brains from third-instar larvae were dissected in PBS, 1% protease inhibitor cocktail and extracted in 100 μl of cold protein extract buffer (50 mM trisHCl pH 7.4 (200923A, Euromedex), 50 mM NaCl (27810, Prolabo), 1 mM EDTA (E9884, Sigma), 0.25% DOC (D6750, Sigma), 0.1% SDS (EU0660, Euromedex), 1 mM PMSF (P7626, Sigma), 1‰, DTT (D0632), 1% of protease inhibitor solution (1 mM benzamidine-HCl (B6506, Sigma), 0,1 mg ml−1 phenanthroline (131377, Sigma), 1 mg ml−1 aprotinin (A6103, Sigma), 1 mg ml−1 leupeptin (L2884, Sigma), 1 mg ml−1 pepstatin A (P5318, Sigma)). Protein extracts were separated by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with either a 10% BIS-TRIS or a 3-8% TRIS-Glycine NuPAGE gel (Invitrogen) and then transferred on a nitrocellulose membrane (Protran BA83, Whatman). Membranes were probed with antibodies anti-Fzy (1:1,000, a gift from J. Raff lab) and anti-α-tubulin (DM1Α) (1:1,000, Sigma-Aldrich).
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2

Generation of anti-dTAT Antibodies

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The following antibodies were used in this study: anti-acTb (6-B11-1, Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (DM1α, Sigma), FITC-labeled DM1α monoclonal antibodies (Sigma), anti-GFP (A-11122, Fisher), anti-DsRed (632496, Clontech), Anti-Myc (9E11, DSHB), Anti-Futsch (22C10, DSHB), Cy5-conjugated anti-HRP (Jackson immunoresearch), and Alexa Fluor conjugated secondary antibodies (Fisher). In order to generate antibodies against dTAT, we used PCR to amplify the catalytic domain (residues 1 to 196) and cloned this fragment into the NheI/XbaI sites of pET28a or the BamHI/NotI sites of pGEX6P2. Recombinant dTAT 1-196 was expressed in E. coli and purifiied on NiNTA resin (QIAGEN) and glutathione-Sepharose, respectively. Purified 6xhis-dTAT1-196 protein was used to generate polyclonal antibodies in rabbits (Pocono Rabbit Farm) and the antibodies were further affinity-purified on GST-dTAT 1-196 bound to amino-link resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Secondary antibodies for immunofluorescence were purchased from Jackson Immunoresearch. HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for immunoblots were purchased from Sigma.
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3

Antibody Characterization for RTTN and CEP120

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The antibodies against RTTN (1:500 dilution; rabbit polyclonal raised against RTTN, residues 1347-1591) [11 (link)] and CEP120 (1:1000 dilution; rabbit polyclonal raised against CEP120, residues 639-986) [23 (link)] were obtained as described previously. Other commercially available antibodies used in this study included anti-hPOC5 (Bethyl Laboratories, Inc., Montgomery, TX, USA; 1:500 dilution), anti-α-tubulin (DM1α, Sigma-Aldrich; 1:300 dilution), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88, Sigma-Aldrich; 1:300 dilution), anti-CDK5RAP2 (Bethyl Laboratories, Inc.; 1:1000 dilution), anti-NuMA (Abcam; 1:500 dilution), anti-p150Glued (Transduction Laboratories; 1:300 dilution), and anti-pericentrin (BD Transduction Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA; 1:1000 dilution).
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4

Immunostaining Protocol for Mitotic Spindle

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Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [78 (link)], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [78 (link)], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling). For visualization of mitotic spindles and centrosomal proteins, cells were fixed and immunostained as described in [79 (link)]. P-TACC3 antibody staining was carried out in cells fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS. For clathrin antibody, cells were fixed in warm 3% PFA in PHEM buffer (60 mM Pipes, 25 mM Hepes, 10 mM EGTA, 2 mM MgCl2 pH 6.8) for 15 mins, followed by extraction with PBS/0.5% TritonX-100 for 15 mins.
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cell Structures

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Cells plated on glass coverslips were washed in PBS and fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature. For centriole staining, cells were fixed with ice-cold methanol at −20°C for 10 min. For E-cadherin staining, cells were fixed with ice-cold 1:1 methanol/acetone at −20°C for 10 min. After fixation, cells were permeabilized in 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min and blocked in blocking buffer (PBS, 5% BSA, and 0.1% Triton X-100) for 30 min. Cells were then stained in primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer for 60 min. Cells were washed with PBS and incubated with species-specific fluorescent secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor conjugated; Molecular Probes). DNA was stained with Hoechst 33342 (1:5,000; Invitrogen) for 5 min in PBS. Antibodies used included anti–α-tubulin DM1α (1:1,000; Sigma-Aldrich), anti–centrin-2 N-17-R (1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti–γ-tubulin GTU88 (1:500; Sigma-Aldrich), anti–E-cadherin HECD-1 (1:500; Abcam), anti–DDR1 1F10 and 7A9 (1:500; made by B. Leitinger [Carafoli et al., 2012 (link)]), anti-pericentrin (1:1,500; Abcam), anti-HSET (1:1,000; Bethyl Laboratories), anti–β-catenin (1:1,000; Abcam), and anti-p120 (1:1,000; BD Biosciences).
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