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20 protocols using deoxyribose

1

Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol

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Catechin, quercetin, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, deoxyribose, deoxyribose, xanthine oxidase, hypoxantine, aluminium chloride (AlCl3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), iron chloride (FeCl3), L-ascorbic acid, BHA, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). Methanol and ethanol used was of HPLC grade and all other solvents used in this study were of analytical grade.
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2

Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched Extract Characterization

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CAE with 48.3 ± 0.4 mg/g of chlorogenic acid and a trace amount of caffeic acid was prepared as described in a previous study [32 (link)]. The Bradford reagent for protein quantitation was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Berkeley, CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and reagents for cell culture were purchased from Gibco, Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). AlCl3·6H2O, DCFDA, dimethyl sulfoxide, calcium chloride, CH3COOK, dl-dithiothreitol, FeCl2, FeCl3, 2-thiobarbituric acid, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,3-triazine-4′,4″-disulfonic acid sodium salt, deoxyribose, sodium nitrite, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and other reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was purchased from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc., Piscataway, NJ, USA. All other agents used in this study were of a reagent grade.
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3

Comparative Antioxidant Properties of Legume Seeds

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S. stenocarpa and P. lunatus seeds were obtained from a farmland (Abagbooro village) in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria, and identified at the Ife Herbarium, Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Bovine serum albumin, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, petroleum ether, acetone, Tris-hydrochloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryldydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine, ferrozine, and deoxyribose were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), methanol, gallic acid, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), aluminum chloride, potassium acetate, potassium persulphate, sodium nitroprusside, hydrogen peroxide, glacial acetic acid, naphthylethylenediamine dichloride, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and L-ascorbic acid were all purchased from Merck. All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.
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4

Antioxidant Assays and Cell Culture Protocols

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DPPH, ABTS, EDTA, ferulic acid, Trolox, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), deoxyribose, ascorbic acid, ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide and trichloroacetate were from Sigma/Aldrich Chemical Co., Germany; hydrogen peroxide, NaOH, HCl, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, acetic acid and formaldehyde were from POCH, Avantor Performance Materials, Poland; agarose, crystal violet and Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 were purchased from Merc KGaH, Germany; RPMI 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were from Gibco; glutamine, streptomycin, penicillin, amphotericin B, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Ca/Mg-containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were from Pan Biotech, Germany; sodium pyruvate was from Corning, USA; BD BioCoat Matrigel Invasion Chambers were purchased from BD Bioscience, USA.
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5

Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Assays

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Chemicals and reagents used such as thiobarbituric acid (TBA), 1,10‐phenanthroline, deoxyribose, gallic acid, Folin–Ciocalteau reagent were procured from Sigma‐Aldrich, Inc., (St. Louis, MO), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was sourced from Sigma‐Aldrich, Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany), hydrogen peroxide, methanol, sodium nitroprusside, Griess reagent, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, aluminum chloride, potassium acetate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, potassium ferricyanide, and ferric chloride were sourced from BDH Chemicals Ltd., (Poole, UK). Except stated otherwise, all other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grades and the water was glass distilled.
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Antioxidant and Enzymatic Assays Protocol

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Folin‐Ciocalteu's reagent, thiobarbituric acid, 1,10‐phenanthroline, deoxyribose, gallic acid, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethyl‐benzothia‐zoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, kaempferol, α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase were sourced from Sigma‐Aldrich, Inc. (St Louis, MO). Methanol, formic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ellagic acids were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade and glass‐distilled water was used.
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7

Enzyme and Antioxidant Assays Protocol

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α‐glucosidase from rats’ intestine, porcine pancreatic α‐amylase, pepsin, p‐nitrophenyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside and starch were sourced from (Sigma Chemical Co. St. Louis, MO, USA). 1,10‐phenanthroline, 1,1‐diphenyl–2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, deoxyribose, thiobarbituric acid, Tris,3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, catechin, epicatechin, gallic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids were bought from Sigma‐Aldrich, Inc., St Louis, MO. Other chemicals such as aluminum chloride, potassium ferricyanide, sulfuric acid, methanol, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, Iron (II) sulfate, potassium acetate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ferric chloride sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, phenol solution, hydrochloric, perchloric, and acetic acids were sourced from (BDH Chemicals Ltd., Poole, UK).
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8

Chemical Synthesis and Characterization

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α,α’-Dibromo-ortho-xylene, α,α’-dibromo-meta-xylene, α,α’-dibromo-para-xylene, triethylamine, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CCA), thymidine, nucleobases, Acyclovir, 2-phenylethanol, 1-butanol, 4-phenyl-1-butanol, deoxyribose, benzoic acid, bisphenol A, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and 17β-estradiol (E2) were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). o-Xylene-d10, 99.3 atom% D, was from CDN Isotopes (Quebec, Canada). Bromine, 99.8%, was from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). The Phenol Calibration Mix (12 components, Cat. No. 31694) was from Restek (Bellefonte, PA). Microcentrifuge tubes, pipette tips, ethyl acetate (certified ACS) and HPLC grade acetonitrile (ACN) were from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). All materials were used as received. CCA Matrix Solution was 5 mg/mL in 50% ACN.
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9

Antioxidant and Reducing Potential Assays

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Chemicals and reagents used such as thiobarbituric acid (TBA), 1,10-phenanthroline, deoxyribose, gallic acid, and Folin-Ciocalteau's reagent were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St Louis, MO), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was sourced from Sigma-Aldrich, Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany), dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was sourced from ACROS Organics (New Jersey, USA), and hydrogen peroxide, methanol, acetic acid, thiourea, CuSO4·5H2O, H2SO4, HCl, sodium carbonate, AlCl3, potassium acetate, Tris-HCl buffer, sodium dodecyl sulphate, FeSO4, potassium ferricyanide, and ferric chloride were sourced from BDH Chemicals Ltd. (Poole, England), while the water was glass distilled.
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10

Papain-based Antioxidant Assay Protocol

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Papain (20,000 IU/g enzyme activity) was purchased from Shanghai Jinsui Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); deoxyribose, thiobarbituric acid and glutathione were purchased from Sigma Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); ferrous chloride (food grade), ascorbic acid, sodium hydroxide, and other analytical reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Group Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); detection kits for superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and lactic acid were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biology Engineering Research (Nanjing, China).
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