3 amino 4 hydroxybenzoic acid

In October 2018, the fresh leaves of the S. fruticosa were collected from Naher Ibrahim, Lebanon. The botanical identification was made by Dr. Marc El Beyrouthy, chairman and general manager of the company Nature by Marc Beyrouthy. The samples were deposited in the Herbarium of Botany, Medicinal Plants and Malherbology, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanon under the registry number MNIIIb177a. The analytical standards used for the identification and quantification of the main phenolic compounds found in the plant extracts were as follows: 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid; 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid; rutin; polydatin; 5′,3′-dihydroxyflavone; 5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarine; 3-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester; 4′,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone; pinosylvin monomethyl ether; and 3, 6,3′-trimethoxyflavone, all of which were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).

The 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA, 97%), citalopram hydrochloride (CTL), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate, fluoxetine (FLX), and carbamazepine (CBZ) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Citalopram propionic acid (CTL-PA), citalopram N-oxide (CTL-NO), didemethylcitalopram (DD-CTL), and demethylcitalopram (D-CTL) were supplied by H. Lundbeck (Copenhagen, Denmark). Stock solutions of CTL (5 mmol L⁻¹) were prepared in phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 7) and used to prepare less concentrated standards. Phosphate buffer solution was prepared with a mixture of KH₂PO₄ and K₂HPO₄ (Riedel-de-Haën). Ultra-pure water (with resistivity value of 18.2 MΩ∙cm) obtained from a Millipore (Simplicity 185) water purification system was used throughout the work. The water samples were collected from one Portuguese river. All of the chemicals were used as supplied.

All chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade. All reagents were purchased from Sigma, Aldrich: Ascorbic acid, Acetic acid, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acetylthiocholine (ACTHI) acetonitrile (ACN), N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), cyclohexane (CYH), dichloromethane (DCM), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 5, 5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (2 N), methanol (MeOH), human colon cancer cells (HCT116), human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), 3- [4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI), Chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS), and tetrahydrofuran (THF).
The analytical standards used for the identification and quantification of the principal phenolic compounds found in the extracts: 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, Gallic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxy-5 methoxybenzoic acid, 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, rutin hydrate, Butyl gallate, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, cardamonin, phenoxodiol, pinostilbene hydrate, 3-benzyloxy-4, 5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester, ethyl trans-2-hydroxycinnamate, 4′, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, 3, 6, 3′-trimethoxyflavone, shikonin, 5-hydroxy-3′-methoxyflavone, and 3′-hydroxy-b-naphthoflavone were also purchased from Sigma, Aldrich.