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12 protocols using human il 6

1

Cytokine Profiling in Immune Cell Cultures

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ELISA was used to measure cytokines as described previously [7 (link)]. For measuring cytokines in culture supernatants, the endometrial epithelial cells or bone marrow-derived cells were grown in 24 well plates at the cell density of 1.5 × 105/ml for MS74 [an immortalized human vaginal epithelial cell line kindly provided by Dr. Robert Schenken from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; ref: [16 (link)]] or 1 × 106/ml for bone marrow-derived neutrophils. Cells were stimulated with LPS (Cat# tlrl-3pelps), Pgp3, LL-37 or Pgp3/LL-37 complex at different concentrations as indicated in individual experiments for 24h. The supernatants with or without dilutions were used for cytokine measurement. The LL-37/Pgp3 complex was formed by pre-incubating the two together in cell culture medium for 30min at 37°C. ELISA kits were used for measuring mouse IL-6 (Cat# 431301, Biolegend, San Diego, CA), mouse MIP-2 (Cat# DY452, R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN), human IL-6 (Cat# 555220) and human IL-8 (Cat# 555244, both from BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA) respectively.
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2

ELISA for Cytokine Detection

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ELISA was performed to detect the secreted IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines in cell culture supernatants. Mouse IL-6 (BD Biosciences, 555240), mouse interferon-β (CUSABIO, CSB-E04945m), human IL-6 (BD Biosciences, 555220), human interferon-β (CUSABIO, CSB-E09889h), porcine IL-6 (R&D Systems, P6000B), and porcine interferon-β (CUSABIO, CSB-E09890p) were used for the analysis according to the manufacturer’s protocols.
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3

Mouse Cytokine ELISA Assays

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Recombinant mouse IL-3, SCF, and IL-33, recombinant human IL-33, as well as mouse IL-6, TNF, and MCP-1 (CCL-2) ELISA kits were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). Mouse MIP-1α (CCL-3) and VEGF ELISA kits were purchased from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ). Mouse IL-13 ELISA kits were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). L-(+)-lactic acid and Sodium L-lactate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Human IL-6, TNF, and MCP-1 ELISA kits were purchased from BD OptEIA (BD Biosciences; Franklin Lakes, NJ).
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4

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling in Plasma

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The Human IL-1ra, Human IL-6, Human IL-10, Human IL-13, Human Eotaxin, Human IFN-γ, Human SCF and Human TRAIL (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States) ELISA kits were used to measure plasma concentration of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, Eotaxin, IFN-γ, SCF and TRAIL, respectively. We used assay protocol and sample dilution in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions.
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5

Cytokine Secretion Profiling by ELISA

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Mouse sera, tissue homogenates, or cell supernatants were used to examine level of cytokine secretion by ELISA. Commercial kits as followings were used according to manufacturer's protocols: mouse IFN‐β (PBL Interferon Source), mouse IL‐6 (BD Biosciences), mouse IL‐12 (BD Biosciences), mouse TNF‐α (BD Biosciences), mouse CCL5 (R&D Systems), mouse CXCL10 (R&D Systems), mouse IL‐1β (BD Biosciences), human IFN‐β (PBL interferon source), and human IL‐6 (BD Biosciences).
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6

Cytokine Production Analysis by ELISA

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ELISA was used to detect the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon from cells. After infection, treatment and transfection of stimulants, cell supernatant was collected and analyzed cytokine production levels. Mouse IFN-α (PBL interferon source), mouse IFN-β (PBL interferon source), mouse IL-6 (BD biosciences) and mouse TNF-α (BD biosciences), human IFN-β (PBL interferon source) and human IL-6 (BD biosciences) were used for analysis according to manufacturer’s protocol.
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7

Cytokine Detection in Cell Culture

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect secreted inflammatory cytokines in cell culture supernatants. Human IL-6 (BD Biosciences, 555220), human interferon-β (CUSABIO, CSB-E09889h), mouse IL-6 (BD Biosciences, 555240), mouse interferon-β (CUSABIO, CSB-E04945m), mouse interferon-α (PBL Assay Science, 42120-1), mouse TNF-α (BD Biosciences, 555268), porcine IL-6 (R&D Systems, P6000B), and porcine IFN-α (CUSABIO, CSB-E07328p) were used for analysis according to the manufacturer’s protocols.
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8

Cytokine Profiling in Viral Infection

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To measure type-I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines, mouse IFN-β (PBL interferon source), mouse IL-6 (BD Biosciences), human IFN-β (PBL interferon source) and human IL-6 (BD Biosciences) ELISA kits were used. After infection of virus to cells, the levels of secreted cytokines were measured in supernatant of infected cell. For mice, plasma levels of type-I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines were analysed.
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9

Quantifying ACE2 and Cytokine Levels

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ACE2 and ILs levels were measured by commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) following manufacturer’s instructions. The following ELISA kits were employed: human IL-6 (BD Biosciences cat. 555220); human IL-8 (BD Biosciences cat. 555224); human IL-1β (BD Biosciences cat. 557953); human IL-10 (BD Biosciences cat. 555157), and human ACE2 duoset kit (R&D SYSTEMS cat. DY933–05).
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10

In Vitro Activation and Sensitization of T and B Cells

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Before sensitization in vitro, T or B cells were activated respectively with immobilized anti-human CD3 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA)(2 μg/ml) and anti-human CD28 (BD Pharmingen) (2 μg/ml) in complete medium (CM) containing 150 IU/ml hrIL-2 (Norvtis, Princeton, NJ) or 5 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich, Atlanta, GA) plus 2 μg/ml anti-human CD40 (BD Pharmingen) at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 24 h. DCs were generated from the CD3CD19 PBMCs of the same patient by differentiation with 25 μg/ml human IL-4 (BD Pharmingen) and 50 μg/ml human GM-CSF (BD Pharmingen) in CM for 10 days. Half of the medium was changed every other day from the third culture day. DCs were then pulsed with ALDHhigh or ALDHlow tumor cell lysate at the ratio of DC : tumor cell= 3:1 in CM containing 100 IU/ml human IL-6 (BD Pharmingen), 10 ng/ml human IL-1β (BD Pharmingen) and 10 ng/ml human TNF-α (BD Pharmingen) for 4-6 h. The lysate pulsed-DCs were then added to T or B cells under activation and incubated for another 24 h for sensitization.
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