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11 protocols using qpcr reagents

1

Mast Cell Culture and Characterization

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All chemicals were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St Louis, MO) unless indicated otherwise. COX-2 inhibitor (SC-236) and TGF-β inhibitor (LY364947), and histamine EIA kit were obtained from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI). PGE2 EIA was obtained from R&D (Minneapolis, MN). qPCR reagents were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Primers for qPCR were obtained from IDT (Coralville, IA). Antibodies for immunoblot analysis were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA; histidine decarboxylase (HDC): Rabbit polyclonal #ab37291; COX-2: Rabbit monoclonal #ab62331). Mast cells were obtained by culturing murine bone marrow in 10% FBS and IL-3 (10 ng/mL, Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ) containing IMDM media for 4–8 weeks. Cell cultures contained MC populations (FcεR+, c-kit+) greater than 90% as measured by flow cytometry, using antibodies from eBioscience (San Diego, CA) and BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Cells used for in vitro studies were incubated in 1 mL of 10% FBS containing IMDM media supplemented with 10 ng/mL of IL-3 in 12 well plates.
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2

Metformin and Thioflavin T Assays

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Metformin and Thioflavin T (ThT) reagent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). A BCA protein assay kit and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kit were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology. The malondialdehyde (MDA) Assay Kit (TBA method) was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). qPCR reagents and ECL kit were purchased from Invitrogen. All the antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA).
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3

Characterization of CagA-Induced Inflammatory Response in CASMCs

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Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) from 3 donors were commercially obtained (CC-2583; Lonza, Basel, Switzerland). Cell culture reagents, i.e., Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Penicillin/Streptomycin, Amphotericin B, l-glutamine, HEPES, and trypsin were obtained from ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. Recombinant CagA protein containing amino acids 918 to 1147 and an N-terminal His tag was purchased from Abcam, Cambridge, UK. Reagents for the isolation of total RNA were purchased from Qiagen, Hilden, Germany. qPCR reagents were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. ELISA kits for human IL-1β (DY201) and IL-6 (DY206-05) were purchased from R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA. IRDye 800CW BoneTag Optical Probe was purchased from LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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4

Synthesis of Functionalized Polymers

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2-Vinylpyridine (97%,
2VP; Sigma-Aldrich,
U.K.) and divinylbenzene (80 mol % 1,4-divinyl content, DVB; Sigma-Aldrich,
U.K.) were passed through a column of activated basic alumina to remove
inhibitors and impurities before use. 2,2′-Azodiisobutyramidine
dihydrochloride (AIBA; 97%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (U.K.)
and used as received. Aliquat 336 surfactant (Thermo Fisher, U.K.)
was used as received. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate
(PEGMA, average Mn 2000 g mol–1, Sigma-Aldrich, U.K.) was supplied as a 50 wt % solution in H2O. PCR reagents were used as received. DNA extraction and
purification kits (Qiagen, U.K.) were used as per manufacturer’s
instructions. qPCR reagents (Thermo Fisher, U.K.) and viral extraction
reagents (Invitrogen, U.K.) were used as received.
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5

Silk Fibers and Curcumin Bioactivity

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Partially degummed silk fibers were purchased from Xiehe Silk Incorporation, Shengzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Curcumin (Cat#C7727, >80% pure), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). mRNA isolation kits were purchased from Qiagen Inc (Valencia, CA). Cell medium ingredients and qPCR reagents were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY).
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6

qPCR for miR-17 expression in glioma

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A qPCR for miR-17 expression in glioma cell lines and tissues was performed using TaqMan miRNA Reverse Transcription kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Reactions were set up in a 384-well plate using Taqman Universal PCR Master Mix (Life Technology) and run in an ABI Prism7900HT according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All qPCR experiments were performed in triplicate and the small nucleolar RNA U6 expression level was used as an endogenous control. All qPCR reagents were purchased from Life Technologies.
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7

RNA Extraction and qPCR Normalization

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RNA was extracted using an RNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA). qPCR reagents were from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA). Ribosomal protein 36B4 was used to normalize gene expression (Li et al., 2013 (link)).
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8

Vascular Cell Culture Protocols

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Unless otherwise stated, all reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dublin, IRL). Both human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), as well as their respective growth media were purchased from Promocell GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). Recombinant human RANKL and TRAIL were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was purchased from Merck Millipore (Danvers, MA, USA). Primers were sourced from Sigma Aldrich and Eurofins Genomics (Ebersburg, Germany). ELISA DuoSet kits and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay kits were purchased from R&D Systems and BioAssay Systems (Hayward, CA, USA), respectively, whilst qPCR reagents were purchased from Applied Biosystems/ThermoFisher Scientific (Paisley, UK).
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9

Quantification of MXD3 gene expression

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Cells were collected by centrifugation (200 xg, 7 minutes, room temperature) and resuspended (without washing) in lysis buffer. RNA was isolated using the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). Following purification, up to 7 μg total RNA were digested with DNAse using Turbo DNA-free (Ambion) according to the manufacturer’s instructions to remove traces of genomic DNA. Up to 1 μg of DNAse-treated RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA using the High Capacity RNA to cDNA kit (Applied Biosystems). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed in a 7900HT system using a validated MXD3 Taqman assay (Hs01557564_m1, Applied Biosystems) and TaqMan master mix. Triplicate 12 μl reactions were performed with 50 ng cDNA template per reaction in 384-well plates. Negative controls included no-reverse transcriptase reactions and water-only reactions. Relative expression levels were calculated by the comparative CT method, using 18S RNA as an endogenous control, also run in triplicate with the appropriate negative controls. Data were analyzed using SDS and DataAssist software. All qPCR reagents, instrument and software were from Applied Biosystems.
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10

RNA Extraction and qPCR Normalization

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RNA was extracted using an RNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA). qPCR reagents were from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA). Ribosomal protein 36B4 was used to normalize gene expression (Li et al., 2013 (link)).
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