Monosaccharide standard products

Potentilla anserine L. roots were purchased from the local market of Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China. The roots were crushed by a BJ-400 small high-speed reducing machine (Yongkang Boou Instrument Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China) and processed by 100 mesh sieving. The sieved powder (100 g) was defatted with 500 mL of hexane for 3 h at 20°C and stirred continuously. After removing hexane, the powder was dried at room temperature.
Cellulase (3 U/mg) and pectinase (40 U/mg) were purchased from Solarbio Biological Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Potassium ferricyanide, trifluoroacetic acid, monosaccharide standard products, and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (Louis, USA). Other reagents were all analytically pure and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

The Arctium lappa L. root was purchased from the local market of Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China. Dry Arctium lappa L. root was crushed by a BJ-400 high disintegrator (Yongkang Boou Instrument Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China) and treated with a sieving of 80 meshes. The screen underflow was degreased with normal hexane (5:1, v/m) for 12 h. The degreased powder was dried using a DHG-9030A oven (Shanghai Grows Instrument Co., Ltd., China).
Monosaccharide standard products, acetonitrile, 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd (St. Louis, USA). Sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Beijing, China), and all other reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.