The sample was separated by the mobile phase (aqueous 0.2% acetic acid and 1% methanol) for 7 min at 0.200 mL/min with a 10 µL injection volume after 1 min post-time to equilibrate the column. The column oven temperature was set at 35 °C and the electrospray was operated in positive ion mode. The conditions used in the ionization source were: 250 °C at 12.0 L/min for the drying gas (N2), a nebulizer pressure of 35 psig, and a capillary voltage of 3000 V. AA was determined using the Selective Ion Monitoring mode (SIM), monitoring the ions m/z 72.0 for AA and 75.0 for 13C3-AA (internal standard).
By using a five-point calibration curve, the concentrations of AA in the control and samples were determined and then the percentage of AA reduction was obtained using the following equation: