The natural rubber used in this work is high-ammonia natural rubber latex (HANR, dry rubber content (DRC) 60%) supplied by Dau-Tieng rubber company. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 97%) was bought from Nacalai Tesque, Japan. Graphite flake powder (>99% purity) was obtained from Yen-Bai province, Vietnam. The compounds KMnO4, NaNO3 (analytical grade), and TEPA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Vinyltriethoxysilanes, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO), and urea were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan.
Urea
Manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry
Sourced in Japan
Urea is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula CO(NH2)2. It is a colorless, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Urea is the main nitrogenous waste product in the urine of mammals and is also an important industrial chemical, with a wide range of applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Nacalai Tesque (1 mentions)
Nano3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kmno4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 2 nitrilotriethanol, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
N n n n tetrakis 2 hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol mono p isooctylphenyl ether triton x 100, by Nacalai Tesque (1 mentions)
Paraformaldehyde pfa, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Butyric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium butyrate, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride dodac, by Evonik (1 mentions)
3 protocols using urea
1
Rubber-based Graphene Nanocomposites
2
Tissue Clearing Using CUBIC Reagents
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Paraformaldehyde (PFA) (162–1665), urea (216–00185), sucrose (193–00025), and 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol (145–05605) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Polyethylene glycol mono-p-isooctylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) (35501–15) was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine (T0781) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
The CUBIC-1 reagent was prepared as a mixture of 25 wt% urea, 25 wt% N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine, and 15 wt% Triton X-100 in deionized water. The CUBIC-2 reagent was prepared as a mixture of 50 wt% sucrose, 25 wt% urea, 10 wt% 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol, and 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 in deionized water[21 (link)]. Both CUBIC reagents were prepared and degassed just before use.
The CUBIC-1 reagent was prepared as a mixture of 25 wt% urea, 25 wt% N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine, and 15 wt% Triton X-100 in deionized water. The CUBIC-2 reagent was prepared as a mixture of 50 wt% sucrose, 25 wt% urea, 10 wt% 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol, and 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 in deionized water[21 (link)]. Both CUBIC reagents were prepared and degassed just before use.
3
Ternary Surfactant Systems with Additives
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Dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODAC, 96.7 % purity) was supplied by Evonik Corporation, USA. Urea and sodium butyrate were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan, while butyric acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore. These materials were used as received. Ultrapure water of 18 mΩ conductivity was used to prepare the samples.
For the ternary systems, we adopted the fixed surfactant concentration of 35 wt. % corresponding to a pure lamellar phase with no water coexistence, according to the DODAC-water phase diagram [6, 12] .
The additives and water, at 80 o C, were added to the melted surfactant in 20 ml transparent screw-cap glass vials. The samples were prepared with concentrations of additive from 1.3 to 20.0 % in weight. Sample homogeneity was attained using a vortex mixer at 80 o C followed by a slow cooling down, at a rate of 1 o C min -1 according to the procedure described in Ref. [25] . All the samples were equilibrated at room temperature for, at least, seven days before characterization.
For the ternary systems, we adopted the fixed surfactant concentration of 35 wt. % corresponding to a pure lamellar phase with no water coexistence, according to the DODAC-water phase diagram [6, 12] .
The additives and water, at 80 o C, were added to the melted surfactant in 20 ml transparent screw-cap glass vials. The samples were prepared with concentrations of additive from 1.3 to 20.0 % in weight. Sample homogeneity was attained using a vortex mixer at 80 o C followed by a slow cooling down, at a rate of 1 o C min -1 according to the procedure described in Ref. [25] . All the samples were equilibrated at room temperature for, at least, seven days before characterization.
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