Body composition was determined with a bioelectrical impedance analysis device (Inbody 720; Biospace Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea). For trials of exergames, a capillary blood sample from the earlobe was subjected to blood lactate concentration measurement at rest and immediately at the end of exergames. Subsequently, a 20 μL blood sample was analyzed with an enzymatic–amperometric measuring method using a lactate analyzer (Biosen C-line, EKF diagnostic sales, GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany). Breath-by-breath analysis was performed to measure gas exchange using portable spirometry systems (Metamax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany). Before exergames, a metabolism analyzer was calibrated using standard gas composition (15% O2, 5% CO2, Metamax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany). A syringe was used to calibrate the flow and volume (Hans Rudolph Inc., Kansas, MO, USA). HR was continuously monitored with a Bluetooth® heart rate transmitter strap (Polar H10, Polar Electro OY, Kempele, Finland) during exergames.
Metamax 3b
Manufactured by Cortex Biophysik
Sourced in Germany
The MetaMax 3B is a portable metabolic measurement system designed for respiratory gas analysis. It features a lightweight, ergonomic design and provides real-time data on oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory exchange ratio.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Polar rs800cx monitor, by Polar Electro (3 mentions)
Biosen c line, by EKF Diagnostics (2 mentions)
Polar rs400, by Polar Electro (2 mentions)
Corival, by Lode Ergometry (2 mentions)
Polar s610, by Polar Electro (2 mentions)
3 litre syringe, by Hans Rudolph (2 mentions)
Polar heart rate monitor, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
Polar monitoring system, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
Lactate pro lt 1710, by Arkray (1 mentions)
Metalyzer 2, by Cortex Biophysik (1 mentions)
Metamax 3b r2, by Cortex Biophysik (1 mentions)
Polar h10, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
Architect bnp reagent kits, by Abbott (1 mentions)
Sports tester, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
Vasera vs 1500n, by Fukuda Denshi (1 mentions)
Quark cpet, by Cosmed (1 mentions)
Rs400, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
Facemask, by Hans Rudolph (1 mentions)
Jamar plus digital hand dynamometer, by Performance Health (1 mentions)
Metamax 3b, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
82 protocols using metamax 3b
1
Exergame Physiological Measurement Protocol
2
Treadmill Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness
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Following the neuromuscular assessments, participants were asked to run for two bouts of four minutes on a motorized treadmill (Pulsar 3p, h/p/cosmos, Munich, Germany) with a 1-min resting period in between: 4 min at 0% incline (FLAT) and 4 min at 15% uphill incline (UH).
The speed was set at 90% and 70% of the average speed sustained during the last minute of the maximal test performed during the familiarization for FLAT and UH respectively. During this test, heart rate and breath-by-breath V ̇O2 were measured using a portable system (Metamax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany).
The speed was set at 90% and 70% of the average speed sustained during the last minute of the maximal test performed during the familiarization for FLAT and UH respectively. During this test, heart rate and breath-by-breath V ̇O2 were measured using a portable system (Metamax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany).
3
Assessing Peak Cardiorespiratory Fitness
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The participants completed the test at a cadence of 90 ± 2 rev . min -1 to assess peak values of oxygen uptake ( O2peak), defined as the highest O2 achieved over a 15-s interval before volitional exhaustion, power output (Ppeak) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) achieved at the termination of the test. In addition, the ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined by visual inspection using ventilatory and gas exchange indexes as described previously (Beaver et al. 1986 ). After 3 min baseline cycling at 40 W, for all participants the work rate was progressively increased by 20 W . min -1 until the limit of tolerance. Pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange were measured continuously throughout the test via breath-by-breath open circuit spirometry (MetaMax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany). The gas analyzers were calibrated before each test with gases of known concentrations (4.99 Vol% CO2, 15.99 Vol% O2, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany). Volume and flow were calibrated with a 3-L syringe (Type M 9474-C; Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany). The participants wore a facemask and breathed through a low-resistance impeller turbine. Heart rate was measured continuously throughout the test using short-range radio-telemetry.
4
Treadmill Test for Dance Populations
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The adopted protocol followed specific recommendations made for testing dance populations, whereby the total time of the test is minimised. 21 Initial start speed for the test was set based upon the corresponding speed at a heart rate of 120 b.min -1 for each individual participant during a fiveminute warm up (range 6-9 Km.h -1 ). During the test, speed was increased by 1 Km.h -1 every 1 minute at a constant incline of 1%, until volitional cessation or until two of the following criteria were achieved: heart rate within 10 b.min -1 of age-predicted maximum, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) above 1.15, VO2 plateau despite increase in speed, or inability to match treadmill speed. Throughout the test, participants wore a telemetric gas analyser (Metamax 3B, Cortex Biophysik GmbH, Germany) and a heart rate monitor (Polar, Polar Electro, Finland). On completion, participants cooled-down by walking at a speed of 5-6 Km.h -1 for a further 5 minutes or until a heart rate value of less than 100 b.min -1 was achieved.
5
Physiological and Performance Responses in Elite Youth Soccer Players during Small-Sided Games
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In this study, the physiological response, perceived exertion, time-motion characteristics, and game performance were examined in elite youth soccer players during 2 different 4 vs. 4 SSG formats. All investigations were conducted within 2 weeks during late preseason. During the first week, the participants completed a treadmill test until maximum exhaustion (ELG2; Weil am Rhein, Woodway, Germany) to obtain VO2max and HRmax. All subjects started with a velocity of 10 km•h -1 that was increased by 1.8 km•h -1 every 3 minutes. A mobile oxygen analyzer including a wireless HR monitor (MetaMax 3b; Cortex Biophysik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) permanently quantified VO2 and HR. During the second week, SSGs were played at the beginning of the regular training session in the afternoon. All participants maintained their standard nutrition as requested by the coaches. The players were familiar with the SSG design from their regular training sessions. This approach allowed identifying changes in the independent variables generated by varying just the type of feedback (strongly pushed vs. mild feedback).
6
Graded Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment
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Gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath during a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer using the MetaMax 3B portable metabolic system (Cortex Biophysik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany). Data were then averaged into 10-s windows for analysis. One of five ramp protocols (continuous workload increases of 7, 10, 15, 20, or 30 W•min -1 , respectively) was chosen depending on the participant's estimated CRF and to achieve an exercise duration between 6 and 18 min ( 20,28 ). V O 2peak was recorded as the average of the three highest consecutive 10-s windows (30-s total) during the test. Detailed information is presented elsewhere ( 19 ).
7
Incremental Cycling Test for VO2max
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Riders performed an incremental test to volitional exhaustion on their own bicycle, mounted on a cycle ergometer (Cyclus 2, RBM Elektronik-Automation, Leipzig, Germany) considered valid and reliable (20) . After a 5-min warm-up at 100 W, work rate was increased by 50 W every 2.5 min. If the last stage was not completed, Ẇmax was calculated proportionally (13) . Breath-by-breath respiratory gas exchanges were monitored throughout the tests with data being stored in 10-s intervals (MetaMax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany). The analyser was calibrated prior to every test according with the manufacturer's guidelines. V ̇O2max was determined as the highest 30-s oxygen uptake average. RCP was identified based on a) an increase of both ventilatory equivalent for oxygen and ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, b) a decrease of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and c) a second slope increase on the curve between minute ventilation and work rate (26) .
Two physiologists analysed all data separately and a third one was involved if there was no consensus.
Two physiologists analysed all data separately and a third one was involved if there was no consensus.
8
Assessing Treadmill and Floor Walking Efficiency
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During both treadmill and floor testing, steady state oxygen uptake respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and heart rate (HR) were monitored with a portable breath-by-breath gas analyser (Metamax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Germany). Data were continuously monitored by real-time telemetry to verify steady state conditions. Each walking interval lasted 7 min to enable the participants to reach steady state conditions (18) and data reported on physiological measurements are mean values over the last 2 min of each walking interval. The oxygen analyser was calibrated for barometric pressure and gas, with 2 reference gas mixtures (16% O 2 , 4% CO 2 and 26% O 2 , 0% CO 2 ), according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, a volume calibration was performed using a standardized 3 L syringe. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scores (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) were recorded prior to each walking interval and immediately following termination of the walk interval. Energy cost of walking (ECW; ml/kg/m) was calculated by dividing the participants O 2 consumption (ml/ kg/min) during walking by the respective walking speed (m/ min). A lower ECW value signifies a better walking economy.
9
Incremental Cycle Ergometer Fitness Test
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To measure baseline fitness, participants underwent an incremental cycle ergometer exercise test (1000 W Cranlea; Human Performance Ltd, Birmingham, UK) on a separate day as described previously (Steventon et al., 2018 (link)). The test protocol consisted of 2 min of rest, 2 min of unloaded cycling, followed by 25-W increments every 2 min, starting at 50 W. The exercise test was symptom limited; individuals were instructed to pedal until discomfort or fatigue prevented them from maintaining the required cadence. Pulmonary gas exchange was measured on a breath-by-breath basis (MetaMax 3B; Cortex Biophysik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany), with the gas analyser calibrated before each session according to the manufacturer’s instructions. HR was recorded continuously throughout using short-range telemetry (Polar S810, Finland). Breath-by-breath data were averaged every 30 s, and VO2 peak (peak oxygen uptake), the objective measure of cardiorespiratory fitness, was recorded as the average oxygen uptake across the final 15 s before the termination of the test. In addition, self-reported physical activity levels were recorded using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Craig et al., 2003 (link)).
10
Symptom-limited Treadmill Exercise Test
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We used symptom-limited treadmill exercise test to measure the patients’ exercise capacity. This testing system incorporated a treadmill, a flow module, a gas analyzer, and an electrocardiographic monitor (Metamax 3B, Cortex Biophysik GmbHCo., Germany). Subjects underwent the exercise test according to the Bruce protocol suggested by the American College of Sports Medicine. We terminated the test when the subjects demonstrated subjective unbearable symptoms.25 The oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured by the breath-by-breath method during the testing.
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