The presence of the metals as Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Na, Mn, Ca, K and Mg in formation water was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (ASC-7000, Shimadzu, Japan) as per Ejike et al.56 (link). For this, 100 mL of the formation water was subjected to nitric acid treatment with nitric acid before carrying out spectrometric analysis. Before the analysis, three calibrations using metal solution standards of a range of concentrations was carried out.
Asc 7000
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The ASC-7000 is an automated sample changer designed for high-throughput sample analysis. It is a modular system that can be integrated with various analytical instruments to automate sample handling and introduction. The ASC-7000 features a user-friendly interface and can accommodate a wide range of sample types and sizes.
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6 protocols using asc 7000
1
Quantification of Metals in Formation Water
2
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Metal Analysis
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A flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (model AA-7000, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan) was employed to investigate the extracts of the samples for the metals under investigation. In this spectrophotometer, background correction was done by a deuterium-arc lamp. The digested sample, in an aliquot, was injected into the air acetylene flame for Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Fe using a Shimadzu autosampler ASC-7000. After every ten samples, a blank solution was run and analyzed by AAS before the studied samples, and the blank reading was subtracted from sample values to ensure that the equipment read only the exact values of our targeted metals.
The instrument configuration and operational conditions were followed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Table 1 summarizes the operating requirements for AAS.
In this investigation, metal concentrations (in ppm (mg/kg), fresh weight) were determined usingEq 1 as follows:
Where,
R = reading of the trace metal concentration in ppm from the digital scale of the instrument
D = Dilution factor of the prepared sample
W = weight of the sample
The instrument configuration and operational conditions were followed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
In this investigation, metal concentrations (in ppm (mg/kg), fresh weight) were determined using
Where,
R = reading of the trace metal concentration in ppm from the digital scale of the instrument
D = Dilution factor of the prepared sample
W = weight of the sample
3
Quantitative Lead Analysis in Automotive Paints
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Shimadzu ASC 7000 (auto-sampler) equipped with appropriate mono-elementary hollow cathode lamp for Pb and a deuterium (D2) arc—background corrector was used for quantification of total Pb. A series of standards of 2, 4, 8, 10, and 20 parts per million (ppm) for Pb calibration curves were freshly prepared by serial dilution in 0.01 M nitric acid (1% (v/v) from 1000 ppm commercial stock for the AAS. The levels of Pb in digested paint and blank samples were assayed using AAS at optimized operational conditions (Table 1 ). The concentration was then obtained directly from the standard calibration curves after correction of the absorbance using appropriate reagent blanks. The samples were diluted in cases where their absorbance was higher than that of the standard solution, All the automotive paint samples were measured in triplicates and the mean values were expressed in parts per million (ppm).Table 1
Optimized AAS conditions for analysis of lead in automotive paints.
| Operating Conditions for Pb analysis | Wavelength (nm) | Lamp current (mA) | Measurement time (s) | Fuel | Slit width/bandwidth (nm) | Flow rate (L/min) | Sensitivity (ppm) | The detection limit (ppm) | Linear Equation | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | 283.3 | 5 | 1.0 | Air-Acetylene | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.1100 | 0.0200 | y = 0.0012x + 0.0039 | 0.995 |
4
Calcium Analysis in Protein Solutions
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Calcium analyses were performed on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a graphite furnace (GFAA‐7000; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). An autosampler (ASC‐7000; Shimadzu) was used for ensuring good precision. An absorption detection wavelength of 422.7 nm was used and signal was corrected by the BGC‐D2 mode. A seven‐stage furnace treatment program was used (Table S1 ). For each sample, a minimum of four injections were performed to achieve a relative standard deviation of 5%. A calibration curve was used for the determination of calcium concentration in the diluted protein solution. Standard calcium solutions were prepared by diluting from a single standard calcium solution (1000 p.p.m. in 2% HNO3; PerkinElmer, Watham, MA, USA) with 0.1% metal‐free HNO3 (GFS Chemicals Inc., Powell, OH, USA) to desired concentrations. Trace metal‐free vials were used for sample dilutions. The protein sample solutions were also diluted with 0.1% HNO3 prepared from trace metal grade concentrated HNO3 (67–70%; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and deionized water of 18.2 MΩ·cm (Milli‐Q system; Millipore).
5
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Analysis
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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model: AA-7000, Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with a GF (GFA 7000) and an autosampler (ASC 7000) was used. A cathode lamp was used and operated according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the analyses of Pb (283.0 nm, 10 mA, and slit 0.7 nm), Cd (228.8 nm, 10 mA, and slit 0.7 nm), and Cr (357.9 nm, 10 mA, and slit 0.7 nm), respectively. Nitric acid (HNO3, 69%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), and standards of Pb, Cd, and Cr were used for sample preparation. A microwave acid digestion system (MADS) (Ethos Easy Milestone) was used for conducting the digestion process. The standard bulk solutions were made daily by diluting respective metals stock standard solutions using 1% (w/w) (HNO3, 69%). The autosampler was used for preparing standard solutions. Deionized water (18 MW/cm) produced using an E-pure system (Thermo Scientific, United States) was used to prepare all the solutions and clean and wash all containers and glassware before use.
6
Rhodium Determination using SHIMADZU AA-7000
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An analysis for rhodium determination was carried out with a SHIMADZU AA-7000 equipped with an electrothermal graphite atomizer (GFA-7000A), an auto-sampler (ASC-7000) and a deuterium lamp background corrector (Kyoto, Japan). A Rh hallow cathode lamp was carried out for absorbance measurements at a wavelength of 343.5 nm, and was operated at 10 mA with a spectral bandwidth of 0.7 nm. The peak-height absorbance mode was adapted. Pyrolytically coated graphite tubes were used. Argon was used as a sheathing gas, and the internal Ar gas flow in the graphite atomizer was interrupted in the atomization step. The furnace temperature programs are described in Table S4 in Supporting Information. The analytical data were the average values obtained with more than three samples.
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