Poloxamer 407 p407

DOPC (1,2 dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) was from Avanti polar lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA), poloxamer 407 (P407) was provided by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany), and branched polyethylenimine, PEI was provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cationic lipid DMAPAP (2-{3-[Bis-(3-amino-propyl)-amino]-propylamino}-N-ditetradecyl carbamoyl methyl-acetamide or dimyristoylaminopropylaminopropyl) was synthesized as described [3 (link)]. Chloroform and ethanol were purchased from Carlo-Erba reagents (Val-de-Reuil, France). Ultrafiltration units NANOSEP 300k were from PALL filtron (Rehoboth, MA, USA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) tubes and T-shaped connectors and ferrules were from IDEX Health and Science (Oak Harbor, WA, USA), microfluidic chips were made out of Flexdym 150 × 150 mm² sheets (Eden Microfluidics, Paris, France). Endothelial cell growth medium 2 and trypsin/EDTA were obtained from Cedarlane Labs (Burlington, ON, Canada). The medium DMEM/F12 was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), recombinant murine TNF-alpha from PeproTech (Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France), fetal bovine serum albumin, Embryomax^® 0.1% Gelatin Solution, and Penicillin-Streptomycin from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The EA.hy926 (ATCC^® CRL2922™) cell line was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Poloxamer 407 (P407) and hydroxymethyl cellulose (HPMC-100M) were purchased from BASF Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium Alginate (SA), Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂), 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). A nonionic agent Visipaque ^® 320 containing Iodixanol (320 mg I/ml) was purchased from GE Healthcare Inc. (Ireland Cork, Ireland). All solutions were prepared in Milli-Q Utrapure water (18.2 MΩ).
L929 cells were purchased from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China), and the VX2 carcinoma strain was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). L929 cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum supplemented with 1% penicillin and streptomycin in an incubator at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. The VX2 tumor strain was maintained by successive transplantation into the hind legs of carrier rabbits.
New Zealand rabbits (Wt 2.0~2.5 kg, both sexes) were provided by the Laboratory Animal Research Center of the Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (Shanghai, China). All experiments were conducted in accordance with the Animal Care Committee on the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Sanguinarine (SA), 6-ethoxysanguinarine (6-ES), 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine (6-MS), chelerythrine (CH), and dihydrochelerythrine (DICH) were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Poloxamer 407 (P407) was purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). 3,3′-Dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DISC3 (5)) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, United States). SYTO™ nine Green Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Stain (SYTO 9) was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, United States). Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CAL), and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (lysyl-PG) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, United States). Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) was purchased from Cytoskeleton Inc. (Denver, United States). Propidium iodide (PI), dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and enhanced ATP assay kits were purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China).

Bare AcDX and PLGA microspheres were prepared by a flow-focusing microfluidic device. AcDX (10 mg mL⁻¹) and PLGA (20 mg mL⁻¹; 5002A, PURAC, Netherlands) were dissolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate-dimethyl sulfoxide and served as the inner fluid. Poloxamer 407 (P-407) (BASF, Germany) solution (10 mg mL⁻¹, pH 7.4) was used as the outer fluid. In the flow–focusing geometry^{56 ,57 (link)}, the inner fluid is flowed inside the outer capillary and the outer fluid is flowed between the inner and outer capillary in the opposite direction. The inner fluid (0.8 mL h⁻¹) was focused by the outer fluid (10 mL h⁻¹) through the narrow orifice of the tapered inner capillary. The outer fluid exerts pressure and shear stress that force the inner fluid into a narrow thread, and generates droplets inside the inner capillary. The formed oil-in-water emulsion droplets were solidified via the diffusion of solvents from droplets to the surrounding outer fluid. At last, the collected microspheres were washed triple thoroughly with water and then freeze dried (CoolSafe 110, LaboGene APS, Denmark).