After feeding and drug administration, the mice were deeply euthanized by isoflurane, and cervical dislocation was performed. The epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) were separated and weighed with an analytical electronic balance (Shimadzu Analytical Balance; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). The fat index for each adipose tissue was expressed as the weight (g) of the adipose tissue per 100 g of the body weight of the individual.
Analytical balance
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
An analytical balance is a type of laboratory weighing instrument used to measure the mass of substances with high precision. It is designed to provide accurate and reproducible measurements, typically to the microgram or even nanogram level. The core function of an analytical balance is to precisely weigh small samples or substances with a high degree of accuracy.
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Lab products found in correlation
Ultrapure water, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Centrivap console, by Labconco (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Vetec (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Vacuum filtration assembly, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ultrapure water system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Malvern zetasizer zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Series 200 hplc system, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Franz diffusion cell, by PermeGear (1 mentions)
Jsm 5910, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Uv vis 1600 microprocessor double beam spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Falcon tube, by BD (1 mentions)
Vortex mixer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Autosampler vials, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
L cystine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade water, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
3 trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate 98, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Consepsis, by Ultradent (1 mentions)
Dolethal, by Vetoquinol (1 mentions)
15 protocols using analytical balance
1
Adipose Tissue Quantification in Mice
2
Niclosamide Powder Formulation Preparation
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A powder formulation of niclosamide (50% by weight) was purchased from a local dealer (NiclosM®, 50WP, Leads Agricultural Products Corp.). Seven niclosamide concentrations were used in the assay ranging from 0.0617 g/m2 to 0.2330 g/m2 of the active ingredient using water as solvent. To prepare the stock solution of niclosamide, 0.3530 g of 50WP niclosamide was weighed in an analytical balance (Shimadzu, Japan) and dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water using a volumetric flask. The solution was spun at 1900 × g for 4 minutes in a benchtop centrifuge (Labnet, USA). The centrifugate was stored in 50-mL centrifuge tube and stored at 4–8°C until used.
3
Optimizing Sample Preparation for ICP-MS Analysis
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Sample preparation procedure is a critical point for the success of the analysis [4 (link)], being considered an important source of error in analytical method development. In the present study different sample preparation procedures were investigated in order to check their suitability for rice decomposition aiming at determining the total arsenic, cadmium, and lead concentrations by means of ICP-MS.
A rice package (1 kg) of a given brand randomly selected was acquired in a market located in São Paulo city, SP, Brazil. At first, the samples were weighed using an analytical balance (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and then grinded in an IKA® analytical mill (Staufen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany), except when performing the procedure carried out in the muffle furnace, where the entire grain was ashed.
For investigating the analytes recovery for the various sample preparation procedures, the samples were spiked using arsenic, cadmium, and lead aqueous solutions. For each sample preparation procedure, three independent replicates of the sample were analyzed, and the respective procedural blanks were considered in the final results. Samples were fortified in order to get final concentrations ranging from 8.0 to 30.0 μg L−1 (within the calibration curves concentration range) for all the analyzed elements in the final sample solutions.
A rice package (1 kg) of a given brand randomly selected was acquired in a market located in São Paulo city, SP, Brazil. At first, the samples were weighed using an analytical balance (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and then grinded in an IKA® analytical mill (Staufen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany), except when performing the procedure carried out in the muffle furnace, where the entire grain was ashed.
For investigating the analytes recovery for the various sample preparation procedures, the samples were spiked using arsenic, cadmium, and lead aqueous solutions. For each sample preparation procedure, three independent replicates of the sample were analyzed, and the respective procedural blanks were considered in the final results. Samples were fortified in order to get final concentrations ranging from 8.0 to 30.0 μg L−1 (within the calibration curves concentration range) for all the analyzed elements in the final sample solutions.
4
Drying and Weighing Plant Biomass
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For the measurement of the lengths and the weights of both the shoots and roots, two plants were harvested from each treatment. The samples were dried by setting an oven (Memmert, GmbH, Schutzart, IN30) at 72 °C. Fresh and dry weights were recorded using an analytical balance (Shimadzu, Kioto, Japan).
5
Extraction and Analysis of Metal Contaminants
6
Analytical Characterization of Pharmaceutical Samples
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Analytical balance (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan); bath sonicator (Hwashin Technology Co., Yeongcheon-si, Republic of Korea); vacuum filtration assembly (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany); distilled water (Millipore ultrapure water system (Milford, CT, USA)). pH meter (Jenway, Essex, UK), magnetic stirrer (DLAB, Fontana, CA, USA), peristaltic pump (Longer Precision Pump Co., Ltd., Baoding, China), centrifuge (DLAB, CA, USA), scanning electron microscope (JSM-5910, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), zeta sizer (Malvern Zetasizer ZS-90, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK), FTIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan, IRTracer-100), UV spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Series 200, Lambda 25, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA), Franz diffusion cell (Perme Gear, Hellertown, PA, USA), Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA) 8000 by Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA). The Perkin Elmer Series 200 HPLC system (Norwalk, CT, USA) is coupled with UV–Visible detector, autosampler, in-line degasser, and column oven. The stationary phase used was SUPLECO C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and connected via network chromatography interface (NCI 900). Spring applicator (20 mm dia. × 70 mm L; approx. 1.6 N) was purchased from Micropoint Technologies Pte, Ltd. (Singapore).
7
Characterizing Solid Forms Properties
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The weight of the solid forms (n = 10) was measured with an analytical balance (Shimadzu, Japan) and their mean weight calculated. Their diameter and height (n = 10) were also measured with a digital calliper (Digimess São Paulo, Brazil).
8
DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity Assay
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For in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, 12 mg of a stable free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), was accurately weighed using a Shimadzu analytical balance and dissolved in 100 mL of analytical grade methanol to give 0.3 mM solutions. One milliliter of the methanolic solution of 0.3 mM DPPH was added to 2.5 mL of each of the extract concentrations (1000, 100, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 μg/mL). The mixtures were shaken and incubated for 15 minutes in the dark, at room temperature. After incubation, absorbance (A) was measured at λ517 nm with a Shimadzu UV-VIS (1600) microprocessor double beam spectrophotometer. Percentage of the radical scavenging activity (% RSA) was calculated using the formula described by Brand Williams et al48 :
DPPH Solution (2.5 mL) plus methanol (1 mL) was used as a negative control while methanol (2.5 mL) plus sample solution (1 mL) was used as a blank. In addition, L-ascorbic acid at concentrations equivalent to that of the test samples (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 μg/mL) was used as positive control.48
DPPH Solution (2.5 mL) plus methanol (1 mL) was used as a negative control while methanol (2.5 mL) plus sample solution (1 mL) was used as a blank. In addition, L-ascorbic acid at concentrations equivalent to that of the test samples (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 μg/mL) was used as positive control.48
9
Solubility Evaluation of Biomaterials
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Three specimens with 10mm in diameter and 1mm in height 6 were produced for each group to determine solubility. The samples were weighed on an analytical balance (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) with an accuracy of 0.001 g and then placed in Falcon tubes (Mano de mano Import, Osasco, São Paulo, Brazil) with 50 mL of distilled water. The specimens were inserted into the tubes using nylon thread, which allowed the sample to be hung and immersed in distilled water without touching the walls of the Falcon tubes during the entire experimental period. After setting, the specimens were removed from the molds, and all remaining particles were removed using a microbrush. The tubes were closed and conditioned at a temperature of 37°C ± 1°C and 95% ± 5% air humidity. After 168 h, specimens were removed from the tubes, gently washed with distilled water, dried with absorbent paper, placed in a dehumidifier for 24 hours, and weighed again to obtain their final weights. Solubility was obtained by calculating the weight loss after immersion (in grams).
10
Quantitative Analysis of Cysteine Compounds
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The following chemicals, reagents, and instruments were used: primary HPLC–MS/MS instrumentation (Agilent Technologies, Inc); polar column (Phenomenex, Inc.); analytical balance (Shimadzu Corporation); vortex mixer (Thermo Fisher Scientific); centrifuge (Restek Corporation); pipettors (Globe Scientific); high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–grade water, acetonitrile, isopropanol, and methanol (Honeywell International, Inc.); formic acid and ammonium formate (Supelco); autosampler vials (Shimadzu Corporation); L-cystine (Sigma-Aldrich); R-Cysteine-R-Tiopronin (Travere Therapeutics, Inc.); DL-cystine-2,2′,3,3,3′,3′-d6 (C/D/N Isotopes Inc.); and cotinine-d3 0.1 mg/mL in methanol (NGX).
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