Polyacrylic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Japan, China, Germany, Poland, United Kingdom

Polyacrylic acid is a synthetic polymer used in laboratory equipment. It serves as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and dispersant in various applications. The core function of polyacrylic acid is to modify the viscosity and stability of solutions and dispersions.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (13 mentions) Oleic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions) N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Diethylene glycol, by Merck Group (8 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (8 mentions) Poly allylamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (6 mentions) 1 octadecene, by Merck Group (6 mentions) N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Oleylamine, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Ammonium fluoride, by Merck Group (4 mentions) 2 amino 2 hydroxymethyl 1 3 propanediol, by Merck Group (4 mentions) 4 morpholineethanesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Methoxy polyethylene glycol amine mpeg nh2, by Laysan Bio (4 mentions) Sodium alginate, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Citric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)

135 protocols using polyacrylic acid

Fabrication of PAA-ZnO@BCP Organic Semiconductor Films

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Polyacrylic acid-ZnO@BCP (PAA-ZnO@ (0.00–0.01) BCP) organic semiconductor films with adequate structure on glass substrates were formed by sol–gel polymerization processes and dried at 60 °C.
A (2 wt.) Polyacrylic acid (PAA, Sigma Aldrich) dissolved in 60 ml of H₂O, zinc acetate (Showa: Japan; purity 98%) was first dissolved in H₂O, and ethanol was then added to the PAA solution. For bromocresol purple (BCP) dye-doped films, the required concentrations of BCP were dissolved in a mixture of H₂O/ethanol before being loaded within a PAA-Zn solution at room temperature. The organic semiconductor/BCP dye thin films were deposited on glass substrates. Films were dried at 60 °C.

Mansour A.M., Abou Hammad A.B, & El Nahrawy A.M. (2024). Exploring nanoarchitectonics and optical properties of PAA-ZnO@BCP wide-band-gap organic semiconductors. Scientific Reports, 14, 3060.

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Antimicrobial AgNPs Gel Formulation

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To use AgNPs in the form of an antimicrobial gel, poly(acrylic acid) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to prepare the gel. Briefly, poly(acrylic acid) was dissolved in sterile deionized water and neutralized by triethanolamine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). AgNPs (S1, S2 and S3) were added to the gel containing final AgNPs concentrations of 40 µg/g gel. The AgNPs gel was stored at room temperature until use.

Thammawithan S., Siritongsuk P., Nasompag S., Daduang S., Klaynongsruang S., Prapasarakul N, & Patramanon R. (2021). A Biological Study of Anisotropic Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Application for Topical Use. Veterinary Sciences, 8(9), 177.

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Silver-Infused Glass Ionomer Cement

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GC Fuji II [powder 15 g: 95% by weight alumino-fluoro-silicate glass with 5% polyacrylic acid powder, liquid 8 g (6.4 ml): 50 percent distilled water, 40 percent polyacrylic acid, and 10 percent polybasic carboxylic acid (GC, Tokyo, Japan)] and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (<100 µm in size) from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States, Lot # MKBN3581V).

Abed F.M., Kotha S.B., AlShukairi H., Almotawah F.N., Alabdulaly R.A, & Mallineni S.K. (2022). Effect of Different Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on the Quality of the Chemical Bond of Glass Ionomer Cement Dentine in Primary Teeth. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, 816652.

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Functionalized Lanthanide Nanoparticle Synthesis

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All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Sodium
chloride (NaCl), yttrium nitrate
(Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O), ytterbium nitrate
(Yb(NO₃)₃·5H₂O), thulium nitrate
(Tm(NO₃)₃-5H₂O), , ammonium fluoride
(NH₄F), polyacrylic acid (PAA, MW ~15000), polyacrylic
acid (PAA, MW ~1800), barium carbonate (BaCO₃), cupric
chloride (CuCl₂), cobalt chloride (CoCl₂), zinc sulfate
(ZnSO₄), and mercury(II) nitrate monohydrate
(Hg(NO₃)₂·H₂O) were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylamonopropyl] carbodiimide
hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and ethylene
glycol (EG) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL). SYBR Green I
was from Life Technology (Carlsbad, CA). All DNA strands were from IDT DNA
(Coralville, IA). Nt. Alwl and 10x Cutsmart® buffer were purchased from
New England BioLabs. The melting points of various DNA strands under the
experimental conditions were estimated using the OligoAnalyzer program available
at the vendor’s website (http://www.idtdna.com). The sequences of DNA probes used in this
study are listed in Table 1. The DNA
strands used are DNA_1 (22mer, amine-modified at the 5’-end) and
DNA_mismatch (22mer). The middle segment of DNA_mismatch is complementary to
DNA_1 except at the thymine bases.

Vijayan A.N., Liu Z., Zhao H, & Zhang P. (2019). Nicking Enzyme-Assisted Signal-Amplifiable Hg2+ Detection Using Upconversion Nanoparticles. Analytica chimica acta, 1072, 75-80.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Lactoferrin-Doxorubicin Conjugate

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Ferric chloride, sodium acrylate, sodium acetate, ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and poly-acrylic acid (PAA) were obtained from the Merck Company (Germany). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) cell culture, MTT powder, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Scotland). Lf and Doxo were purchased from the Sigma Aldrich Company (USA). Annexin V-FITC kit was obtained from Iq products, Poland. The BALB/c mice and 4T1 cells were purchased from Pasteur Institute (Tehran, Iran).

Sharifi M., Hasan A., Nanakali N.M., Salihi A., Qadir F.A., Muhammad H.A., Shekha M.S., Aziz F.M., Amen K.M., Najafi F., Yousefi-Manesh H, & Falahati M. (2020). Combined chemo-magnetic field-photothermal breast cancer therapy based on porous magnetite nanospheres. Scientific Reports, 10, 5925.

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Fabrication of Polymer-Nanotube Composites

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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; Mw 1,300,000, MW 30,000), Polyacrylic acid (PAA, Mw 450,000,), Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), S(-)-limonene (S-lim, 96%), α-Pinene (α-Pin, 98%), Linalool (Lin, 97%), Toluene (Tol, anhydrous, 99.8%), Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt from Streptococcus equi (HyA, Mw 750,000-1,000,000), Absolute Ethanol (EtOH, 99.8%), and N-N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%) were reagent grade purchased by Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) and used without further purification.

Macagnano A., Molinari F.N., Papa P., Mancini T., Lupi S., D'Arco A., Taddei A.R., Serrecchia S, & De Cesare F. (2024). Nanofibrous Conductive Sensor for Limonene: One-Step Synthesis via Electrospinning and Molecular Imprinting. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 14(13).

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Phantom Imaging with Toroidal Transceiver

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Figure 2 shows the setup for all phantom experiments. The saline gel phantom consisted of a 39 cm × 26 cm × 8 cm tub filled with a mixture of distilled water, 8 g/L Polyacrylic Acid (Aldrich Chemical) and 0.7 g/L sodium chloride (23 (link)) to achieve a conductivity of approximately 0.5 S/m and relative permittivity of approximately 88 (DAK, Speag). The phantom was doped with nickel chloride to reduce the T₁ to approximately 300 ms to enable faster imaging. The toroidal transceiver was interfaced to the 1.5T scanner using a transmit-receive (T/R) switch. During transmit, the T/R switch connects the toroidal transceiver to a dedicated power amplifier to induce low levels of RF current in the catheter/wire for visualization. A bi-directional coupler (Werlatone C7149-12) in the transmit chain measures forward and reverse power delivered to the toroidal transceiver. During receive, the T/R switch connects the toroid signal to the surface-coil port of the scanner for image acquisition. A Medusa USB console (24 (link)) controls the synchronous RF transmit and data receive. A photonically-powered, optically-coupled toroidal RF current sensor (described below) located on the wire outside the phantom monitors induced RF current levels.

Etezadi-Amoli M., Stang P., Kerr A., Pauly J, & Scott G. (2014). Interventional Device Visualization with Toroidal Transceiver and Optically-Coupled Current Sensor for RF Safety Monitoring. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 73(3), 1315-1327.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Poly(acrylates)

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The sodium salts of methyl red (BDH), methyl orange (BDH), ethyl orange (Sigma-Aldrich), and β-cyclodextrin (Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co.) were used as received. Poly(acrylic acid) (M_w = 250 kDa, M_w/M_n ≈ 2) was purchased from Aldrich as a 35 wt % aqueous solution and freeze-dried to a constant weight. The substituted poly(acrylate)s: PAAβ-CDen [15 (link)], PAAADen [13 (link)], PAAADhn [17 (link)] and PAAADddn [17 (link)] (Figure 1) were synthesized according to literature procedures, and the extent of random substitution of poly(acrylate) with the β-CDen, ADen, ADhn and ADddn substituents was determined from their ¹H NMR spectra to be 8.8 ± 0.2%, 3.3 ± 0.1%, 3.0 ± 0.1% and 2.9 ± 0.1%, respectively.

Yan L., Pham D.T., Clements P., Lincoln S.F., Wang J., Guo X, & Easton C.J. (2017). β-Cyclodextrin- and adamantyl-substituted poly(acrylate) self-assembling aqueous networks designed for controlled complexation and release of small molecules. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 13, 1879-1892.

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Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-based Polymer Composites

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Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, average M_n ≈400, 1k, 2k, and 6k g mol^–1), pyridine–2,6–dicarboxylic acid, thionyl chloride, m–phenylenediamine, 4,4–methylenedianiline, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), di–tert–butyl dicarbonate, triethylamine (TEA), 4–(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA, average M_v ≈450,000 g mol^–1), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) were purchased from Aldrich. Silicon nanopowder (Si, 99%, 30–50 nm) was purchased from NanoAmor. 1 m lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1 vol%) with 10 wt.% of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was purchased from Welcos Co., Ltd (Korea). Trilayer polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE/PP, Celgard2320, thickness: 25 µm) was used as a separator for electrochemical analyses. All other chemicals and solvents were purchased from reliable commercial sources and used as received.

Jeong D., Yook J., Kwon D., Shim J, & Lee J. (2023). Interweaving Elastic and Hydrogen Bond‐Forming Polymers into Highly Tough and Stress‐Relaxable Binders for High‐Performance Silicon Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Advanced Science, 10(31), 2302027.

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Functionalized Quantum Dot Conjugates

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Control QDs were water solubilized using 40% octylamine-modified poly(acrylic acid)(average M_W 180, Aldrich) as per the protocol outlined in ref. 47 (link). To prepare DSS-QD conjugates, initially water soluble QDs and DSS peptide were incubated with poly(ethylene glycol) conjugation reagent^{34 (link), 70 (link)}. However, it was found that the resulting materials did not display significantly different behaviour compared to controls. The preparation was modified to enhance the yield of functionalized nanomaterials by conjugating DSS to the modified acrylic acid solubilizing polymer first, which was then processed by precipitation in acidic water and subsequently used to solubilize the CdSe/CdZnS nanomaterials as outlined below.

Jing H., Pálmai M., Saed B., George A., Snee P.T, & Hu Y.S. (2021). Cytosolic delivery of membrane-penetrating QDs into T cell lymphocytes: implications in immunotherapy and drug delivery. Nanoscale, 13(10), 5519-5529.

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