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32 protocols using cd11c pe

1

Enhancing DC Activation with TKNP and R848

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Bone marrow‐derived DCs were isolated from the bone marrow of 8‐week‐old balb/c mice. Immature DCs (5 × 105 cells/well) plated in a 12‐well plate were treated with TKNP, free R848, and anti‐PD‐L1‐R848/TKNP with the equivalent concentration of R848 (30 μmol/L) for 24 h. Cells were washed with PBS, harvested, and stained with PE‐CD11c, FITC‐CD86, and PerCP‐MHC II (BioLegend) and sorted using FACS.
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2

Single-cell Isolation and Analysis of Mouse Aorta

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Single-cell suspensions were prepared from the mouse aortas as described20 (link). Briefly, mice were anesthetized and perfused through the heart with PBS containing 10 U ml−1 heparin to remove blood from all vessels. After careful removal of the perivascular adipose tissue, the aortas were minced into small pieces and digested with 125 U ml−1 collagenase type XI, 60 U ml−1 hyaluronidase type I-s, 60 U ml−1 DNase1, and 450 U ml−1 collagenase type I (all enzymes were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS containing 20 mM Hepes at 37°C for 3 hrs. For separating adventitia and media, the aortas were predigested in enzyme cocktail (300U ml−1 Collagenase I and 10U ml−1 Elastase in PBS) at 37°C for 15 minutes and then the adventitia was carefully peeled away from the aorta. After filtering through a 70 μm filter, cells were resuspended in FACS buffer, and incubated with Fc-blocking antibody (eBioscience) for 15 min on ice before being stained with specific antibodies. Antibodies used were as follows: FITC-CD45.2, PE-CD11c, APC-CD3, APC-Cy7-CD19, PE-Cy7-NK1.1, PerCy5.5-CD11b (all antibodies were obtained from Biolegend and used at 1:100 dilution). Cells were also stained with propidium iodide. After washing, immunofluorescence was detected by an LSR II (BD Biosciences). Data were analyzed using FlowJo (Tree Star Inc.) software.
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3

Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Preparation and Characterization

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The lipids 18: 1TAP (1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane), DOPE (1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), EPC, 16:0 NBD PE, and 16:0 Liss Rhod PE were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). DSPE-PEG2000-Folic acid was purchased from Nanocs (Boston, MA, USA). Chol (Cholesterol), Collagenase, and DNase I were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
The dye DiI was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology. PTX was purchased from Meilunbio® (Dalian, China). Paclitaxel injection was purchased from HAPHARM Group Co., Ltd. (Harbin, China). The CD9, CD63, and TSG101 antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).
The antibodies of flow cytometry (anti-mouse): PE-CD45, FITC-CD4, APC-CD8a, PerCP/Cyanine5.5-CD69, FITC-CD3ε, APC-CD49b (pan-NK cells), APC/Cyanine7-CD335 (NKp46), PE-CD107a (LAMP-1), APC-CD45R/B220, PE/Cyanine7-CD69, FITC-CD45, APC/Cyanine7-F4/80, PE-CD11c, PE/Cyanine7-CD86, APC anti-mouse/human CD11b, PerCP/Cyanine5.5-Ly-6G, FITC-Ly-6C, PE/Cyanine7-CD45, APC-CD25, PE-FOXP3, PE-CD86, and PerCP/Cyanine5.5-CD206 (MMR) were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA).
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4

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Isolation and Characterization

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TILs isolation was done as previously described [21 ]. TDLNs were processed, suspended in RPMI-1640, then washed and filtered. Tumor cells or TILs were blocked with anti-mouse CD16/32 (FcR blocker; BioLegend, Cat#101302) for 10 min at room temperature, and then stained with Pacific blue-CD45 (BioLegend, Cat#103126), APC/Cy7-CD4 (BioLegend, Cat#100414), PerCP/Cy5.5-CD8a (BioLegend, Cat#100734), PE-CD11c (BioLegend, Cat#117308), FITC-F4/80 (BioLegend, Cat#123108), APC/Cy7-CD11b (BioLegend, Cat#101226), and PE/Cy7-Gr-1 (BioLegend, Cat#108416) at room temperature for 30 min. For intracellular staining cells were fixed and permeabilized according to the manufacturer’s instructions (eBioscience, Cat#00-5523-00) and stained with PE-FOXP3 (eBioscience, Cat#12-5773-82) and Alexa Fluor 647-IDO1 (BioLegend, Cat#654004). All samples were analyzed with LSRII flow cytometer and FlowJo software (version 10.0.7).
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5

Flow Cytometry Technique for Murine Blood

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Two hundred microliters of facial blood were obtained from a mouse and mixed with 20μl of 3.8% sodium citrate. The blood/sodium citrate mixture was then fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA) at room temperature for 10 min. Following fixation 8 ml of red blood cell lysing buffer (Sigma) were added and incubated on ice for 10 min. After incubation, 1 ml of 10× DPBS (Invitrogen) was added and mixed thoroughly then centrifuged at 1,800×g for 2 min. The pellet was then resuspended in 1× DPBS. The white blood cells were then blocked with rat whole IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch) and hamster whole IgG (Biolegend) at 4ºC for 5 min. After blocking the following antibodies were used to identify interactions: PE/Cy5-CD45 (Biolegend), PE-CD11c (Biolegend), FITC-CD41 (BD Biosciences). For controls the following isotype-matched antibodies were used: PE/Cy5-Rat IgG2b (Biolegend), PE-Hamster IgG (Biolegend) and FITC-Rat IgG1 (Biolegend). The mixtures of antibodies and white blood cells were then incubated on a rotator for 30 min at room temperature and then measured with a Coulter Epics XL-MCL Flow Cytometer and analyzedCoulter Epics XL-MCL) Coulter Epics XL-MCL) using EXPO32 ADC software (Beckman Coulter).
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Flow Cytometric Characterization of Mouse BMDCs

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For flow cytometry analysis, mouse BMDCs were seeded in a 6-well plate at a density of 0.5×106 cells/well. Treated cells were centrifuged at 300g for 5 min and washed with stain buffer (BD Pharmingen, San Diego, California, USA). Prior to the surface staining, Fc-block was performed using mouse TruStain FcX (BioLegend) for 5 min at room temperature. Subsequently, cells were stained with anti-mouse antibodies (PE-CD11c, FITC-A/I-E, and APC-CD197, BioLegend). Isotype controls were used to confirm antibody specificity. Cells were incubated in the dark for 30 min at 4°C and analyzed using a BD FACSVerse flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA). Dead cells were excluded based on their forward and side scatter or uptake of 7-aminoactinomycin D (Immunostep, Salamanca, Spain). The data were analyzed using FlowJo (BD Biosciences) software.
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7

Immune Cell Isolation and Modulation

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Five to seven mouse skin tissues were pooled as one sample for MACS sorting. Mouse skin CD3+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, F4/80+ cells, CD11c+ cells, and Ly6G+ neutrophils were sorted with PE-CD3 (BD Pharmingen, #561824, 145-2C11, 1/100 dilution), PE-CD19 (BD Pharmingen, #561736, 1D3, 1/100 dilution), PE-F4/80 (BioLegend, #123109, BM8, 1/100 dilution), PE-CD11c (BioLegend, #117307, N418, 1/100 dilution), and PE-Ly6G (BioLegend, #127607, 1A8, 1/100 dilution) using anti-PE microbeads (Miltenyi Biotech, #130-048-801) and a MACS system (Miltenyi Biotech, #130-042-201). The purity of sorted cells was >90%. Sorted mouse skin cells were used to extract protein and RNA.
After PBMC preparation, human peripheral monocytes from patients with psoriasis were sorted with PE-CD14 (BD Pharmingen, #555398, M5E2, 1/100 dilution) using anti-PE microbeads and a MACS system. The purity of sorted cells was >90%. Monocytes were treated with KN-93 (10 μM), MEK1/2 (MEK1/2 is upstream of Erk1/2) inhibitor U0126 (20 μM, Sigma, #U120), or p38 inhibitor SB203580 (20 μM, Sigma, #S8307) to extract protein and RNA for 12 h or to test cytokines in the supernatants for 24 h.
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8

Isolation and Characterization of Adipose Tissue Macrophages

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In each experiment, epididymal and visceral white adipose tissue samples were collected, mixed, and washed with ice-cold phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Adipose tissue samples were minced into small pieces with scissors, suspended in pre-warmed digestion buffer containing 1 mg/mL collagenase II (C6885, Sigma-Aldrich), 1% BSA, and 10 mM HEPES, and incubated at 37 °C for 40 min with vigorous shaking. DMEM containing 2 mM EDTA and 5% FBS was added to stop the digestion. The cell suspension was filtered through a 150-µm nylon filter and centrifuged at 450 × g for 5 min at 4 °C. Adipocytes and supernatant were discarded, and red blood cells were depleted using red blood cell lysis buffer (C3702-500 ml, Beyotime, China). Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated using lymphocyte isolation solution (density: 1.081 g/mL). Finally, cells were blocked with purified anti-CD16/32 antibody (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) and stained with the following antibodies: FITC-CD45.2, APC-F4/80, PerCP/Cy5.5-Ly6C, PE-CD11c, APC/Cy7-Ly6G (BioLegend), and PE-CF594-CD11b (BD Biosciences, USA). Flow cytometry data were acquired using a BD LSRFortessaTM Flow Cytometer and analyzed with FlowJo software (BD Biosciences). For cell sorting, the CD11b+Ly6Chigh monocytes and CD11b+F4/80+ ATMs were sorted with a BD FACSAriaTM III sorter (BD Biosciences).
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9

Single-cell Isolation and Analysis of Mouse Aorta

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Single-cell suspensions were prepared from the mouse aortas as described20 (link). Briefly, mice were anesthetized and perfused through the heart with PBS containing 10 U ml−1 heparin to remove blood from all vessels. After careful removal of the perivascular adipose tissue, the aortas were minced into small pieces and digested with 125 U ml−1 collagenase type XI, 60 U ml−1 hyaluronidase type I-s, 60 U ml−1 DNase1, and 450 U ml−1 collagenase type I (all enzymes were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS containing 20 mM Hepes at 37°C for 3 hrs. For separating adventitia and media, the aortas were predigested in enzyme cocktail (300U ml−1 Collagenase I and 10U ml−1 Elastase in PBS) at 37°C for 15 minutes and then the adventitia was carefully peeled away from the aorta. After filtering through a 70 μm filter, cells were resuspended in FACS buffer, and incubated with Fc-blocking antibody (eBioscience) for 15 min on ice before being stained with specific antibodies. Antibodies used were as follows: FITC-CD45.2, PE-CD11c, APC-CD3, APC-Cy7-CD19, PE-Cy7-NK1.1, PerCy5.5-CD11b (all antibodies were obtained from Biolegend and used at 1:100 dilution). Cells were also stained with propidium iodide. After washing, immunofluorescence was detected by an LSR II (BD Biosciences). Data were analyzed using FlowJo (Tree Star Inc.) software.
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10

Visualization of Adipose Tissue Macrophages

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Visceral adipose tissues (VAT) were collected, flash-frozen in OCT, and cryosectioned at 5μm thickness. Tissue slides were then acetone-fixed followed by incubation with Fc-receptor blocking in 2.5% goat serum (Vector Laboratories) and incubation with primary antibodies cocktail containing anti-CD11b: AlexaFluor488 and CD11c:PE (Biolegend). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged using fluorescence microscopy (VS120, Olympus).
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