Il 13

Human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was purchased from Cell Resource Center of Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Human cervical carcinoma cell line (Hela) (ATCC, USA) was maintained in DMEM (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS (Gibco, USA), 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 100 U/ml penicillin at 37°C and an atmosphere of 5% CO₂. THP-1 cells were differentiated in RPMI-1640 (Gibco, USA) medium supplemented with 10% FBS containing 5 mM L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, and Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA 50 nM,Sigma, CA) for 24 h followed by culturing in fresh medium for another 24 h. M1 macrophages were generated by treatment of THP-1 cells with LPS (10 pg/ml, Sigma, GER) and IFN-γ (10 ng/ml, Sigma, GER) for 12 h. M2 macrophages were generated by treatment of the cells with IL-4 (20 ng/ml, Novus, USA) and IL-13 (20 ng/ml, Novus, USA) for 48 h.