The molar mass (Mn) and polydispersity index (PD) of the fluoroelastomers was estimated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system (PL-GPC50) from Varian, Inc. Company. Polystyrene (PS) was used as the standard sample and chromatographic grade tetrahydrofuran (HPLC) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a test temperature of 30 °C.
Pl gpc50
Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
The PL-GPC50 is a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system designed for accurate and reliable molecular weight analysis of polymers. The system features a high-performance pump, a refractive index detector, and integrated software for data acquisition and analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
Nicolet 6700, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Kd 804 shodex gel columns, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Akta purifier fplc, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
96 well microtiter plate, by Greiner (1 mentions)
Ftir spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Asap 2020 system, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
Plgelolexis, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Tga sdta 851, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Jem 2100, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Xplora confocal spectrometer, by Horiba (1 mentions)
Fe sem, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Dma q800, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Physica mcr 301, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
Waters 1525, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Ultraflex 3 tof tof spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Minisart, by Sartorius (1 mentions)
Sta 449, by Netzsch (1 mentions)
Nicolet 380, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Talos f200x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dsc 2500, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
29 protocols using pl gpc50
1
Fluoroelastomer Characterization by GPC
2
Polymer Molar Mass Characterization
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The polymerization degree and molar mass dispersities (Mw/Mn) for all polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography (PL-GPC 50, A Varian, Inc.) integrated GPC system (Chemistry Department, University of Otago). The GPC system was calibrated using narrow poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) standards (EasyVial-Agilent). For protected polymers, high performance liquid chromatography grade CHCl3 was used as a solvent. Polymers were dissolved in CHCl3 and filtered through a 0.45 μm needle-type ultrafiltration membrane prior to the injection. The measurements were carried out at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 and the molar masses were determined by refractive index detectors using a PEO–CHCl3 calibration standard (Polymer Laboratories). The column temperature was set to 35 °C and Cirrus GPC software was used to analyze the data.
3
Size Exclusion Chromatography of Pectin
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The pectic extract was freeze-dried and resuspended in 50 mM amonium formate, pH 4.5 (1 mL). The concentrated pectic extract was subjected to size exclusion chromatography using a superpose 12 10/300 GL column (Amersham Biosciences). The column was connected to an Akta Purifier FPLC (General Electric) or a PL-GPC 50 (Varian Inc.) chromatographer. The column was equilibrated in 50 mM amonium formate, pH 4.5, using a 0.4-mL min−1 flow. Samples were injected manually using a 100-μL loop. Fractions were collected in 30-s intervals in a 96-well microtiter plate (Greiner bio-one) and lyophilized. The resulting pectic fractions were resuspended in water (100 μL) and used for subsequent analysis. Dextran standards of known sizes were used to calibrate the column.
4
Multimodal Characterization of Materials
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SEM was performed on a Quanta 400 FEG field-emission scanning electron microscope. TEM was conducted on a Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin field-emission transmission electron microscope. XRD was performed on Bruker D8. FTIR spectroscopy was performed using a Thermo FTIR spectrometer. TG analysis was performed using TG/DTA 6200. Electrochemical measurements were carried out using Land battery analyzers. The Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry (ASAP) 2020 system (Micromeritics Instrument Corporation) was used to carry out the experiment for studying N2 adsorption/desorption of the powder samples. Molecular weights and polydispersity index (PDI) were determined by Varian (PL-GPC 50) gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using ultrastyragel columns and THF as an eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1 at 40 °C. The values were determined by comparison with a series of polystyrene standards.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Responsive Copolymers
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The synthesis and identification of the copolymers bearing NIPAAm with or without AAPBA were conducted according to the reported protocols with some modifications [19 (link),21 (link),22 (link)]. Briefly, P(NIPAAm-co-AAPBA-co-HPM-co-TMSPM) (PNAHT for short) copolymers and P(NIPAAm-co-HPM-co-TMSPM) (PNHT for short) copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization of NIPAAm, AAPBA, HPM and TMSPM with the initial molar ratios of 20:1:1:1 and 20:0:1:1 respectively, initiated by AIBN (1% of total molar quantities for all reactants) at 60 °C for 12 h under nitrogen, then precipitated and freeze-dried under vacuum for 24 h, and finally stored in a refrigerator for further use.
The FT-IR spectra were used to analyze the functional groups of the copolymers via Nicolet Magna 750 FT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet Instrument Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) in the wavenumber range of 4000~500 cm−1. The 1H-NMR spectra were applied to identify the molecular compositions of the compounds through Bruker Avance 400 MHz NMR spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Fallanden, Switzerland). The GPC (PL-GPC-50, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) was employed to determine the molecular weight distribution and polymerization degree of the composites.
The FT-IR spectra were used to analyze the functional groups of the copolymers via Nicolet Magna 750 FT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet Instrument Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) in the wavenumber range of 4000~500 cm−1. The 1H-NMR spectra were applied to identify the molecular compositions of the compounds through Bruker Avance 400 MHz NMR spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Fallanden, Switzerland). The GPC (PL-GPC-50, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) was employed to determine the molecular weight distribution and polymerization degree of the composites.
6
Molecular Weight Analysis of TFPs
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The molecular weight of TFPs was determined by a gel permeation chromatography instrument (PL-GPC50, Varian, Inc., Shropsire, UK) based on the method of Wang et al.[16] (link). Chromatographic conditions were set as follows: a chromatographic column (7.5 × 300 mm, PLgelOlexis, Varian, Inc., Shropsire, UK), a protection column (7.5 × 50 mm, PLgelOlexis), a mobile phase of ultrapure water, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and a column temperature of 40 °C. The weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), and polydispersion index (PDI = Mw/Mn) of each TPF sample were calculated by gel permeation chromatography software.
7
Characterization of Commercial Lignin
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The commercial lignin used herein was produced by Jinan Yanghai Chemical Co., Ltd. (Jinan, China). Lignin that passed a 200-mesh sieve was used for testing, and its main technical indicators, molecular weight, and pyrolysis parameters are shown in Table 1 . Among them, the lignin indicator was provided by the manufacturer. The molecular weight of lignin was determined by Agilent pl-gpc50 gel chromatography, and the pyrolysis test was conducted with a Mettler Toledo tga/sdta851 synchronous thermogravimetric analyzer.
8
Molecular Weight Characterization by SEC
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Molecular weights (Mn and Mw) and molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn) were determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). SEC analyses were carried out using a GPC/SEC system (PL-GPC 50, Agilent) with a refractive index detector (RI) and a UV detector. The separation was performed using a Shodex OH-PAK SB-806 column. The eluent was a mixture of ultrapure water containing 1.17 wt% sodium chloride and 0.02 wt% sodium azide. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min.
9
Molecular Chain Structure Analysis of LDPE
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Gel permeation chromatography (PL-GPC 50, Agilent Technologies co. Ltd., Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to obtain the molecular chain structure of LDPE by uniting the differential refractive apparatus and multi-angle laser light scattering apparatus. The parameters of the molecular chain structures were obtained, including weight-average molecular weight (Mw), molecular weight distribution (PD) and long chain branching degree (LCB).
10
Multimodal Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots
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The weight-average (Mw) and number-average (Mn) molecular weights of the AL were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC, PL-GPC50, Agilent Technologies, USA). Two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC, III 400 MHz NMR, Bruker, Germany) spectra were acquired from AL samples of approximately 60 mg dissolved in 0.5 mL DMSO-d6.25 (link) Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra of the NCQDs were also recorded (TU-1950, Purkinje, China). The FL emissions of the NCQDs were assessed using an FL spectrophotometer (F-7000, Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a 150 W xenon lamp as the excitation source. The structures of the NCQDs were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) using an instrument (JEM 2100, JEOL Ltd., Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the NCQDs were obtained (iS10, Nicolet, USA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were obtained (Escalab 250 XI, TERMO, USA) using Al Kα radiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained with an instrument (D8, Bruker AXS, Germany) with a Cu Kα radiation source.
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