L asparagine monohydrate

D(-)glucose, low-molecular-weight chitosan (50–190 kDa with deacetylation degrees >75%), ¹³C₃-labeled acrylamide, and L-asparagine monohydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was obtained from Acros Organics Company (Jersey City, NJ, USA). Acrylamide standard (99.9%) was procured from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). All chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade. Oasis HLB (6 mL, 0.2 g) and Oasis MCX (3 mL, 0.06 g) solid phase extraction cartridges were procured from Waters (Milford, MA, USA).

All cell lines were cultured at 37 °C with 10% CO₂ in a humid atmosphere. The human embryonic kidney cell line expressing the SV40 large T antigen (293 T, American Type Culture Collection, #CRL-3216) was maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Gibco, #11995065) containing 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated Foetal Bovine Serum (HI-FBS; Sigma–Aldrich, #12007 C) and 100 U Penicillin-Streptomycin solution (Pen-Strep, Sigma–Aldrich, #P0781).
The Eµ-Myc lymphoma-derived cell lines EMRK-1184 and MRE-721 were generated in our laboratory. The Eµ-Myc/dCas9a-SAM^KI/+/sgBcl-2 (or sgMdm2, or sgNT) lymphoma cell lines were derived from tumour tissues of mice that had been lethally irradiated and then transplanted with Eµ-Myc/dCas9a-SAM^KI/+ HSPCs that had been transduced with Bcl-2 or Mdm2 targeting, or non-targeting control sgRNAs. All Eµ-Myc lymphoma cell lines were cultured in DMEM, 10% (v/v) HI-FBS, 23.8 mM sodium bicarbonate (Sigma–Aldrich, #S8761), 1 mM HEPES (Gibco, #15630080), 13.5 µM folic acid (Sigma–Aldrich, #F8758), 0.24 mM L-asparagine monohydrate (Sigma–Aldrich, #A7094), 0.55 mM L-arginine mono-hydrochloride (Sigma–Aldrich, #A6969), 22.2 mM D-glucose (Ajax Finechem, #713), 100 U-µg/mL Pen-Strep and 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME, Sigma-Aldrich, #M3148). This medium is referred to as FMA.

Fructose, chitosan (50–190 kDa with deacetylation degrees greater than 75%), and L-asparagine monohydrate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Acrylamide standard (99.9%) was obtained from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Oasis MCX (3 mL, 0.06 g) and Oasis HLB (6 mL, 0.2 g) solid-phase extraction cartridges were supplied by Waters (Milford, MA, USA). Chemical reagents employed in this research were of analytical grade.

Fungal isolates were cultured on Czapek-Dox broth (CDB, BD) supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) L-asparagine monohydrate (Sigma), and 0.005% (w/v) phenol red (Sigma). As a control, the isolates were cultured on the same media without L-asparagine monohydrate. The pH values of all media were adjusted to pH 6.0. To obtain fungal spores, we cultured GH-Sj1 on PDA at 25 °C for 7 days, and collected spores using sterile H₂O. Five microliters of the spore suspension were inoculated in the center of the phenol red plates. After incubation at 25 °C for 3 days, the color of the medium was observed. Compared to the control plate, the color change from orange to pink in the media containing L-asparaginase was considered to indicate asparaginase activity of the tested strain.

Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and luteolin-4′-O-glucoside were supplied by Extrasynthese Co. (Lyon, France). Homoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin were isolated and purified from antioxidants of bamboo leaves by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on the basis of our previous studies (20 (link)). Acrylamide, L-asparagine monohydrate, D-(+)-glucose monohydrate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), potassium persulfate and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). D₃-labeled Acrylamide (isotopic purity ≥ 99%) was supplied by Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). Atlantis potato powder was purchased from Sanjiang (Group) Potato Products Co., Ltd. (Lintao, Gansu, China).