Mpms xl squid

Magnetic measurements were performed using a Quantum Design SQUID MPMS-XL magnetometer through the Physical Measurements unit of the Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación-SAI, Universidad de Zaragoza. All data were corrected for the sample holders and grease contributions, determined empirically as well as for the intrinsic diamagnetism of the sample, estimated using Pascal constants.

XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns give information on the phase and crystallinity of the as-prepared materials, which were collected on a Rigaku D/Max-2550 diffractometer (Tokyo, Japan) equipped with Cu-Ka radiation (λ = 0.15418 nm) at a scanning range of 20–80° and scanning speed of 5°/min. HRTEM images were obtained using a Tecnai G220S-Twin transmission electron microscope (Hillsboro, OR, USA) at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV, and the images were observed at 200 kV instead of 120 kV. XPS spectra were performed on a Thermo ESCALAB 250 (Waltham, MA, USA) with Al Kα radiation at θ = 90° for the X-ray sources; the binding energies were calibrated using the C 1s peak at 284.8 eV. UV-Visible solid absorbances of the samples were obtained using a PerkinElmer Lambda950 UV-Visible solid spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA) using BaSO₄ as a reference. The magnetic properties were investigated with a Quantum Design SQUID-MPMS-XL (San Diego, CA, USA). Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured at 300 K under a magnetic field up to 2 T.