Sodium tungstate dihydrate

Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl₂·6H₂O), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂·4H₂O), nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂·6H₂O), Sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTAB), 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) and 3,3,5,5-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
The ROS detection kit (S0033S) and propidium iodide (PI) (ST511) were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The primary antibodies, Anti-GAPDH and anti-AID, were purchased from Abways Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). and North American ImmunoWay Biotechnology Company (TX, USA). The ECL Substrate Kit (P0018FS) was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
Human DLBCL SU-DHL-4 and OCI-LY19 cell lines were purchased from BeNa Culture Collection (BeNa, #BNCC340176, #BNCC338225) (Suzhou, China).

A reagent grade sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O, 99.5%), citric acid (C₆H₈O₇·H₂O, 99.5%), oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄·2H₂O, 99.5%), tartaric acid (C₄H₆O₆, 95%, Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, Da Mao Chemical Reagent Factory, Tianjin, China) and ethanol (C₂H₅OH, 99.5%) were used directly without further purification. All reagents except those indicated are from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China).

Sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O, 99.5%), nitric acid (HNO₃, 65–68%), and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH, 96%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China), and Dubai Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. The above three chemical reagents were used as received without further purification.