Aripiprazole, Clozapine, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Paliperidone, Risperidone and Rotenone (Abcam), DehydroAripiprazole (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), DidesmethylCariprazine (Clearsynth), Haloperidol, Iloperidone, Lurasidone, Zotepine (Sigma), Brexpiprazole and Cariprazine (Cayman Chemicals) were dissolved to desired stock concentrations in DMSO. Chlorpromazine (Sigma) was dissolved in distilled water, while Antimycin A, FCCP, Oligomycin A (Sigma) and Piericidin A (Cayman Chemicals) were dissolved in ethanol. All drug stock solutions were diluted into appropriate cell culture media to desired concentrations.
Risperidone
Manufactured by Abcam
Sourced in United Kingdom
Risperidone is a synthetic compound used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, which is a class of antipsychotic drugs. Risperidone is commonly used in research settings to study its pharmacological effects on various cellular and animal models.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Clozapine, by Abcam (3 mentions)
Chlorpromazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Haloperidol, by Abcam (2 mentions)
Amisulpride, by Cambridge Bioscience (2 mentions)
Rotenone, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Zotepine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Haloperidol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lurasidone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cariprazine, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Piericidin a, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Brexpiprazole, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Fluoro carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone (fccp), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Oligomycin a, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Antimycin a, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aripiprazole, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Olanzapine, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Raclopride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clozapine, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Recombinant human il 1β, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
6 protocols using risperidone
1
Neurochemical Screening for Drug Evaluation
2
Antipsychotic Effects on Human Endothelial Cells
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Human endothelial cells hCMEC/D3 [54 (link)] were cultured and treated with antipsychotics as previously described [55 ]. In brief, confluent cells were treated with 1.2 μm clozapine (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), 26.6 nm haloperidol (Abcam), 0.974 μm Risperidone (Abcam) (based on typical therapeutic serum ranges) or vehicle (5% fetal bovine serum) for 48 h before harvesting the cells for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis and qPCR.
3
Pharmacological Modulation of Resident-Intruder Interaction
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Drugs were administered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally via the chronically implanted catheter (see previous section). The catheter was first flushed with 0.5 ml Ringer, and then, the drug was administered in 0.5 ml of vehicle, and then the catheter was again flushed with 0.5 ml of Ringer. Clozapine (Tocris Bioscience) 30 μg–2 mg/kg and risperidone 6.25 μg–1 mg/kg (Abcam Biochemicals) were dissolved in acidified Ringer. Chlorpromazine, (Sigma-Aldrich) 0.1–5 mg/kg, was dissolved in water. The dose of raclopride (Sigma-Aldrich 0.5 mg/kg, dissolved in Ringer) was selected from the literature (Swerdlow et al. 1991 (link)).
Each resident rat was used for a maximum of four experimental conditions, with at least 3 days between each administration of vehicle or a given drug dose. We have previously shown that the response to the intruder rat does not habituate under these conditions (Mohammed et al. 2014 (link)). Experiments for each drug were conducted separately, using a rotating dose design to control for serial effects.
Each resident rat was used for a maximum of four experimental conditions, with at least 3 days between each administration of vehicle or a given drug dose. We have previously shown that the response to the intruder rat does not habituate under these conditions (Mohammed et al. 2014 (link)). Experiments for each drug were conducted separately, using a rotating dose design to control for serial effects.
4
Antipsychotic Concentration Protocol
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The following antipsychotic concentrations were used, based on previously published doses:12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 1 μM amisulpride (catalogue number CAY14619, Cambridge Bioscience, UK), 100nM risperidone (catalogue number ab120393, Abcam, UK), and 10 nM volinanserin (catalogue number CAY15936). Dimehtyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the vehicle for all compounds.
5
Modeling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier
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hCMEC/D3 is an immortalised human brain microvascular endothelial cell line derived from human temporal lobe microvessels isolated during surgery. These cells have been extensively characterised as a model for human endothelial cells of the BBB [39 (link)]. Vials of cells at passage 28 were kindly supplied by Dr. P.O. Couraud (INSERM, Paris, France). Cells were grown and maintained in complete media at 37 °C and 5% CO2 and used between passages 29–35.
Confluent cells were treated with 0.02 ng/ml, 0.2 ng/ml, 2 ng/ml or 20 ng/ml recombinant human IL- 1β (Thermo Fisher) for 48 h and harvested for RNA extraction, followed by cDNA synthesis. In separate experiments, 1.2 µM clozapine (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), 26.6 nM haloperidol (Abcam) and 0.974 µM risperidone (Abcam) (based on typical therapeutic serum ranges) were used to treat the confluent culture for 48 h before harvesting the cells. This time point was chosen to avoid an immediate (acute) response to antipsychotic treatment. ICAM1, ABCG2, CDH5, OCLN and IFITM mRNA expression was measured by qPCR (supplementary information ).
Confluent cells were treated with 0.02 ng/ml, 0.2 ng/ml, 2 ng/ml or 20 ng/ml recombinant human IL- 1β (Thermo Fisher) for 48 h and harvested for RNA extraction, followed by cDNA synthesis. In separate experiments, 1.2 µM clozapine (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), 26.6 nM haloperidol (Abcam) and 0.974 µM risperidone (Abcam) (based on typical therapeutic serum ranges) were used to treat the confluent culture for 48 h before harvesting the cells. This time point was chosen to avoid an immediate (acute) response to antipsychotic treatment. ICAM1, ABCG2, CDH5, OCLN and IFITM mRNA expression was measured by qPCR (
6
Antipsychotic Compound Concentrations Assessment
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The following antipsychotic concentrations were used, based on previously published doses [12, [14] [15] [16] [17] : 1 µM amisulpride (catalogue number CAY14619, Cambridge Bioscience, UK), 100 nM risperidone (catalogue number ab120393, Abcam, UK) and 10 nM volinanserin (catalogue number CAY15936, Cambridge Bioscience, UK).
Dimehtyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the vehicle for all compounds.
Dimehtyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the vehicle for all compounds.
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