Hearing loss was determined by pure-tone audiometry (Conera, Denmark) before and after treatment. Pure-tone average (PTA) was calculated as the average of thresholds (dB HL) at seven frequencies of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. The coagulation function parameters were measured by an automatic coagulation analyzer (Sysmex CS5100 or CS2000i, Japan), and the blood routine parameters were measured by a fully automatic hematology analyzer (Sysmex XN 1000 or CN3000, Japan).
Cs2000i
Manufactured by Sysmex
Sourced in Japan
The CS2000i is a fully automated coagulation analyzer designed for high-throughput laboratory testing. It is capable of performing a wide range of coagulation and thrombophilia tests, including PT, APTT, and other specialized parameters. The CS2000i features advanced technology and offers reliable, consistent results to support clinical decision-making.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Cs 5100, by Sysmex (3 mentions)
Cn3000, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Xn 1000, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Sas 9, by IBM (1 mentions)
Spss version 21, by IBM (1 mentions)
Hiscl 800, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Recombiplastin 2g, by Werfen (1 mentions)
Thrombocheck aptt sla, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Xs900i, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Innovin reagent, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Dade thrombin reagent, by Siemens (1 mentions)
12 protocols using cs2000i
1
Hearing Loss and Coagulation Assessment
2
Pelvic Fracture Protocol: Comprehensive Assessment
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The following parameters were obtained on ED arrival: patient demographics, use of anticoagulation, and/or antiplatelet drugs, trauma mechanism, vital signs at ED arrival (the Glasgow Coma Scale, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate), results of blood tests (hemoglobin and lactate levels, levels of fibrin degradation products [FDP], D-dimer and fibrinogen, prothrombin time–international normalized ratio [PT–INR]), AIS for each body region, injury severity score (ISS), patterns of pelvic fracture classified by Young and Burgess classification [12 (link)], World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification [13 (link)], angiography for the pelvis, treatment for pelvic fracture (TAE, external fixation, preperitoneal packing, and amount of blood transfusion within 24 h (in Japan, 1 U of packed red blood cells is approximately 140 mL), time course (door to CT time and door to angiography time), and mortalities (24 h and 30 days). With regard to analytic variables, the ratio of FDP to fibrinogen (FDP/fibrinogen) was also calculated, as with our previous study [10 (link)]. FDP and D-dimer were measured using an immunoturbidimetric method and using Cs-2000i and Cs-5100 systems (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan). It took about 15 min to gain the results of coagulation biomarkers by the immunoturbidimetric method.
3
Comparing INR Measurement Methods
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The INR measurements were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Passing-Bablok regression analysis, and Bland-Altman plot. Bland-Altman plot was used to identify mean difference and 95% limits of agreement of the INR results between CoaguChek XS Pro and Sysmex CS2000i. The overall correlation and difference were compared in a total of 200 measurements and were further compared in 3 INR ranges (<1.9 INR, 1.0-2.0 INR, and 2.0-3.0 INR). Agreement of INR measurements was also assessed according to the 3 ranges of dosing decision (subtherapeutic, therapeutic, and supratherapeutic ranges) with cutoff values of <1.9 INR, 2.0-3.0 INR, and >3.0 INR, respectively. Cohen κ value was used for assessing agreement. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel Stat Biomed 2017, SAS 9.3, and SPSS 21 version, and P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.
4
Assessing Hearing Loss Recovery
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Hearing loss was determined by pure-tone audiometry (Conera, Denmark) before and after treatment. Puretone average (PTA) was measured as the average of thresholds (dB HL) at 7 frequencies of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. According to hearing curves, patients were classified into a low-frequency group (frequencies ≤ 1 kHz, average threshold ≥ 20 dB HL at 0.25 and 0.5 kHz at least), a high-frequency group (frequencies ≥ 2 kHz, average threshold ≥ 20 dB HL at 4 and 8 kHz at least), a flat-type group (all frequencies, average threshold ≤ 80 dB HL at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz at least), or a total deafness group (all frequencies, average threshold > 80 dB HL at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz at least). 17 Based on the audiogram, PTA classified the severity of hearing loss as mild (26-40 dB), moderate (41-55 dB), moderately severe (56-70 dB), severe (71-90 dB), or profound (>90 dB). The patients were divided into mild and moderate degrees, moderately severe and severe degrees, or profound degrees. Siegel's criteria 18 were used to assess the hearing recovery according to the hearing gain average at all the frequencies (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz).
The parameters of the coagulation function were measured by an automatic coagulation analyzer (Sysmex CS5100 or CS2000i, Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) before therapy.
The parameters of the coagulation function were measured by an automatic coagulation analyzer (Sysmex CS5100 or CS2000i, Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) before therapy.
5
Biomarker Detection in Coagulopathy
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D-dimer was detected by a Sysmex CS-2000i automatic coagulation instrument. C-reactive protein (CRP) was detected by a Vitros 5.1 FS automatic biochemical analyzer (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA). Lumican and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a Lumican kit (Biomatik Company, Cambridge, ON, Canada) and a TSP-1 kit (R&D Systems Company, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The operations were performed in strict accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. The kit-provided original standards were used in gradual dilution, and the standard curves were used to calculate biomarker concentrations in the samples. Each sample was tested in duplicate.
6
Blood Coagulation Biomarkers Analysis
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Fasting elbow venous blood of all the study participants was collected in the morning and analyzed using the automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay with the matching chemiluminescence reagent (Sysmex, HISCl-800) and the automatic coagulation analyzer (Sysmex, CS2000i). (1) Automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay: We collected 2 ml blood in an anticoagulant citrate tube and performed the automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay with the matching chemiluminescence reagent to detect the levels of TM, TAT, PIC, and tPAI-C. (2) Automatic coagulation analyzer: We collected 1.8 ml blood in the sodium citrate anticoagulant tube, and the levels of FDP and D-dimer were determined using the automatic coagulation analyzer.
7
Coagulation Assay Protocol
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We employed Thrombocheck APTT-SLA (Sysmex) for the APTT reagent and RecombiPlasTin 2G (Instrumentation Laboratory) for the prothrombin time (PT) reagent using CS-2000i (Sysmex) for measurement as the recommended protocol. Detailed assay descriptions are provided in the Supplementary Methods.
8
Russell's Viper Venom Quantification
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A previously developed venom‐specific enzyme immunoassay was used to measure Russell's viper venom concentrations in serum samples 20 , 21 . Briefly, polyclonal IgG antibodies raised in rabbits against Russell's viper venom were bound to microplates and also conjugated with biotin as detecting antibodies for a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The detecting agent was streptavidin–horseradish peroxidase. In cases where no pre‐antivenom sample was available or venom was not detected, a post‐antivenom sample was subjected to dissociation treatment so that any free venom could be measured with the enzyme immunoassay 22 .
PT, INR, APTT, D‐dimer, FI (fibrinogen), FV, FVIII and FX were measured in citrated plasma samples. All assays were performed on a Sysmex CS‐2000i automated blood coagulation analyser (Sysmex Corporation, Chūō‐Ku, Kobe, Japan) with standard coagulometric or immunoturbimetric methods according to the manufacturer's protocols.
PT, INR, APTT, D‐dimer, FI (fibrinogen), FV, FVIII and FX were measured in citrated plasma samples. All assays were performed on a Sysmex CS‐2000i automated blood coagulation analyser (Sysmex Corporation, Chūō‐Ku, Kobe, Japan) with standard coagulometric or immunoturbimetric methods according to the manufacturer's protocols.
9
Baseline Clinical and Demographic Factors
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Baseline clinical and demographic variables were recorded on the first day of admission. These variables included age; fever duration (days); white blood cell (WBC) count; platelet (PLT) count; lymphocyte count; proportion of PMNs and lymphocytes; hemoglobin (Hb) level; serum levels of CRP; glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT); glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT); LDH; creatine kinase (CK); creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme; and D-dimer; and pulmonary imaging score. Values for the above mentioned indictors were determined using an automatic blood analyzer (SYSMEX XS900i, Japan), automatic coagulation analyzer (SYSMEX CS-2000i, Japan), and automatic biochemical analyzer (HITACHI 7600–020, Japan) at Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Two clinical laboratories participated in inter-laboratory quality assessments in Jiangsu Province and China, which fully guaranteed the homogeneity of the experimental results.
10
Coagulation Assay Protocol: PT, INR, Fibrinogen
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Prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) and fibrinogen concentration were measured in platelet free citrated plasma. All assays were performed using standard coagulometric methods on a Sysmex CS2000i coagulation analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan). Briefly, the PT was determined by mixing patient plasma and Innovin reagent (Dade Behring Inc., United States) in a 1:2 ratio, and the time taken for clot formation was measured in seconds. The INR was then automatically derived from the PT according to standard formula. For the fibrinogen assay patient plasma was diluted 1:10 in Owrens Veronal Buffer before being mixed in a 2:1 ratio with Dade Thrombin Reagent (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Inc., United States) and time to clot formation was measured in seconds. Fibrinogen concentration was then determined using a standard curve of serially diluted standard human plasma in g/L. The normal range for fibrinogen was defined as 2 to 4 g/L.
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