Cell culture reagents, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), anti-BrdU antibody, DNase I and TRIzol, were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). GLP-1, Exendin9-39 (Ex9), isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (Dex), 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Oil Red O were acquired from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail was purchased from Roche Applied Science (Mannheim, Germany). TaKaRa PrimeScriptTM RT reagents kits and TaKaRa SYBR premix Ex Taq were acquired from TaKaRa Bio (Kyoto, Japan). Antibodies for β-catenin, (Ser37/Thr41) non-phospho-β-catenin and FITC-conjugated anti-rabbit and anti-mouse IgG antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Transduction (Boston, MA, USA). Antibodies for Wnt4 and GAPDH were acquired from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Lifectamine2000 and siRNA control were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, New York, USA). All other chemicals of analytical grade were acquired from Dingguo Bio (Shanghai, China).
Exendin 9 39 ex9
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Exendin 9-39 (Ex9) is a laboratory product used as a research tool. It functions as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist, inhibiting the action of glucagon-like peptide-1.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Naloxone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glp 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Takara primescript rt reagents kits, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Control sirna, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Takara sybr premix ex taq, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Trizol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Oil red o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dnase 1, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Complete protease inhibitor cocktail, by Roche (1 mentions)
Liraglutide, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Myricetin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Loperamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Pyruvate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pyruvate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Glucagon, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ly294002, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
70 kda fluorescein isothiocyanate fitc dextran, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using exendin 9 39 ex9
1
Adipogenesis Regulation through Wnt4 Signaling
2
Liraglutide and Exendin 9-39 Protocol
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Liraglutide was obtained from Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Exendin 9-39 (Ex9), naloxone, and other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Myricetin and Exendin 9-39 Protocol
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Myricetin (95%) was obtained from Acros Organics (Thermo Fisher, Geel, Belgium). Exendin 9–39 (Ex9), loperamide and naloxone and other chemicals or reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
4
Metabolic Profiling in Mouse Models
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Body weight and random fed blood glucose were monitored monthly for a total of 3 months. Fed (9:00 a.m. ) and fasting (12-h fast, 9:00 p.m. ) glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels were evaluated in 2-month-old males. Blood was obtained from the tail vein, and blood glucose was measured with Accu-Chek blood glucose meter. IP glucose tolerance tests (2 g/kg) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) (0.75 units/kg) were performed by IP injections of respective agents in male mice fasted for 6 h. Hepatic glucose production was measured by IP injection of pyruvate (2 g/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich) and glycerol (2 g/kg) (Amresco) in mice fasted for 16 h (for pyruvate) and male mice fasted for 4 h (for glycerol). glucagon challenge was performed by IP injection of glucagon (100 μg/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich) in male mice fasted for 6 h. IP exendin 9-39 (Ex9) (50 μg/kg, cat. no. 4017799; Bachem) or vehicle (saline) was administered in fasted (4 h) control and αTSC2KO mice 15 min prior to IP glucose challenge (2 g/kg). Food intake and activity levels were recorded for the duration of 3 days with use of Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System metabolic chambers (Columbus Instruments). Lean body mass and fat mass were determined by DEXA (Lunar Pixi, Janesville, WI).
5
Exendin-4 Modulation of Cell Signaling
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Cells were pretreated with or without 10 nM or 100 nM Ex4 (Sigma–Aldrich) for 20 h, transfected with PIC transfection, and treated with or without Ex4 (10nM/100nM) again for 19 h before evaluation. In the experiments with inhibitors, cells were preincubated with 100 nM Exendin-(9–39) (Ex9, Sigma–Aldrich), 25 μM LY294002 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), or 5 μM H89 (Cell Signaling) for 30 min before treatment with 100 nM Ex4. The duration and concentration of Ex4 and inhibitor treatment were determined according to previous studies and used after ensuring that there was no cell toxicity.
6
Characterization of Proanthocyanidin-Enriched GSPE
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The proanthocyanidin-enriched GSPE was obtained from Les Dérivés Résiniques et Terpéniques (Dax, France; Batch number: 124029). According to the manufacturer, the extract contains monomeric (21.3%), dimeric (17.4%), trimeric (16.3%), tetrameric (13.3%) and oligomeric (5–13 units; 31.7%) proanthocyanidins. GSPE were characterized in more detail by reverse-phase chromatographic analyses by our research group [23 (link)]. Briefly, the main compounds (up to tetramers) found in the GSPE lot used in this study were Gallic acid (31 mg/g), (epi)catechin (214 mg/g), epicatechin gallate (21 mg/g), procyanidin dimers (168 mg/g), procyanidin dimer gallate (9 mg/g) and trimers (5 mg/g). The phenolic content of the extracts was quantified using the Folin method [24 (link)] as 845.5 ± 10.5 mg/g GSPE. Gallic acid, exendin 9-39 (Ex9) and 70 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). GLP-1 7-36 amide was obtained from PolyPeptide (Limhamn, Sweden).
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