Methanol and acetonitrile (HPLC-grade) were provided by Lab-Scan (Dublin, Ireland) . Glacial acetic acid, metaphosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, L(+)-ascorbic acid (≥ 99% purity), sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate were obtained from Panreac Química (Barcelona, Spain) . Narirutin (Naringenin-7-O-rutinoside) was acquired from Extrasynthèse (France). Hesperidin (hesperitin-7-O-rutinoside), eriodyctiol-Orutinoside (eriocitrin), naringenin-7-O-rutinoside (narirutin), hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside (Hesperidin), isosakunetin-7-O-rutinoside (dydimin), quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin), apigenin, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, iron (III) choride hexahydrate, phosphate buffered saline, hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide, 2,2´azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ▪ ), and potassium persulfate (K 2 S 2 O 8 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-(1-naphtyl)ethylenediaminedihydrochloride and 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were obtained from Fluka Chemie AG (Buchs, Switzerland). Stock solutions of 1 mg/mL in methanol of authentic flavonoid standards were prepared.
Hesperidin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits. It is a naturally occurring compound with potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Hesperidin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties. Its core function is as a bioactive compound that may be of interest for further research and development.
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Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin, by Merck Group (65 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (55 mentions)
Naringin, by Merck Group (54 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (52 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (51 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (44 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (41 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (37 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (34 mentions)
Hesperetin, by Merck Group (32 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (32 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Myricetin, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Narirutin, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Ellagic acid, by Merck Group (17 mentions)
186 protocols using hesperidin
1
Flavonoid Analytical Standards Preparation
2
Quantification of Hesperidin and Cyanidin
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Hesperidin was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was purchased from TransMIT (Geiben, Germany). Acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt 2-hydrate (EDTA), were obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Buffered peptone water, Plate Count Agar (PCA), Rose Bengal Agar (RBA), Brilliant Green Bile 2% Broth (BGBB) and Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). L-ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) were acquired from Acros Oganics (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Madrid, Spain) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water from a Milli-Q Advantage A10 ultrapure water purification system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
3
Extraction and Analysis of Citrus Compounds
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Analytical grade methanol and n-butanol used for extract preparation were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). UHPLC grade methanol, formic acid, and water were supplied from Romil-Deltek (Pozzuoli, Italy). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were purchased by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Limonin standard (99.8% purity) was obtained from DBA Italia s.r.l. (Milano, Italy). Hesperidin (97% purity) and vitexin (≥95% purity) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
4
Identification and Quantification of Maqui Berry Compounds
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Cyanidin (Cy) and delphinidin (Dp) 3-O-glucoside chloride, were purchased from TransMIT (Geiben, Germany); hesperidin, eriocitrin and narirutin from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), formic acid from Fisher-Scientific (Loughborough, UK) and methanol (LC-MS Chromasolv) from Honeywell/Rieden-de-Haen (Seelze, Germany). Ultrapure water from a Milli-Q Advantage A10 ultrapure water purification system (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) was used in preparation of all standards of natural products.
Identification and total phenolic content of the maqui berry powder were performed through the method previously reported in the literature [3 (link)].
Identification and total phenolic content of the maqui berry powder were performed through the method previously reported in the literature [3 (link)].
5
Melanoma Cell Antioxidant Assay
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The polyvinyl alcohol, zinc (II) acetate, sodium hydroxide, and hesperidin were purchased from Merck (Germany) and used without any purification. In addition, the following materials used in the study were obtained from the relevant companies: human malignant melanoma G-361 cells (ATCC), fetal bovine serum (Sigma), L-glutamine (Capricorn), penicillin-streptomycin (Thermo), RPMI 1640 (Sigma), total antioxidant assay kit (Elabscience), phosphate buffered saline (Sigma), dimethyl sulfoxide (Merck Millipore), and hesperidin (Cayman).
6
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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The standard phenolic compounds hesperidin, neohespseridin, quercetin, naringin, and naringenin were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water, acetonitrile, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid were of HPLC grade and were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The Millex-LCR PTFE filters (0.45 µm) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
7
Enzymatic Synthesis of Rutinose
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l -Rhamnose, hesperidin, and hesperetin were purchased from Merck (Waltham, MA, USA). rutinose was prepared by the enzymatic cleavage of rutin Merck (Waltham, MA, USA) with rutinosidase from Aspergillus niger K2 according to the published procedure [37 (link)].
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8
Quantification of Bioactive Compounds
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The standard of the phenolic compound cyanidin 3-O-glucoside chloride was obtained from TransMIT (Geiben, Germany). Caffeic, gallic, and ellagic acids were from Sigma Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA), and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and hesperidin were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid, methanol, acetonitrile, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt 2-hydrate (EDTA) were all obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). L-Ascorbic (AA) and dehydroascorbic (DHAA) acids were obtained from Acros Organics (Morris, NJ, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water from a Milli-Q Advantage A10 ultrapure water purification system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
9
Nutritional Analysis of Hesperidin
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The following substances, chemicals and reagents were obtained for the nutritional analysis: hesperidin (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); formic acid, methanol, acetonitrile and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt 2-hydrate (EDTA) (Panreac, Barcelona, Spain); and L-ascorbic (AA) and dehydroascorbic (DHAA) acids (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water from a Milli-Q Advantage A10 ultrapure water purification system (Millipore, USA).
10
Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Screening of Plant Extracts
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UHPLC-grade n-hexane, acetonitrile, methanol, water, and formic acid Supelco® were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). All analytical-grade solvents were purchased from VWR (Milano, Italy). Standards of rutin, hesperidin, and gallic acid were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside chloride was purchased from Extrasynthese (Extrasynthese, France), and luteolin-4′-O-neohesperidoside was previously obtained in our laboratory by isolation from plant materials and characterised by 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The Balb/3T3 clone A31 mouse embryo fibroblast cell line was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection LGC standards (ATCC CCL163, Milan, Italy) and propagated as indicated by the supplier. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), 0.01 M pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+ (PBS), bovine calf serum (BCS), glutamine, and antibiotics (penicillin/streptomycin) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Cell proliferation reagent WST-1 was provided by Roche Diagnostic (Milan, Italy).
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