Bc 418

Manufactured by Tanita

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom

The BC-418 is a body composition analyzer that measures body weight, body fat percentage, and other body composition metrics through bioelectrical impedance analysis. It provides accurate and reliable data for health and fitness assessments.

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Spelling variants of this product

BC-418 Segmental Body Composition Analyzer (23 citations) BC 418 MA Segmental Body Composition Analyser (10 citations) BC-418 Segmental Body Analyzer (4 citations) BC 418 analyzer (4 citations) BC 418 S MA (3 citations) Tanita Scale (Body Composition Analyzer; Type BC- 418 MA (2 citations) BC-418 MA scale (2 citations) Tanita Scales BC-418-MA (2 citations) BC-418 MA body fat monitor (2 citations) BC-418 MA instrument (2 citations)

216 protocols using bc 418

Comprehensive Anthropometric Assessments

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The following anthropometric measures will be taken: standing stretch stature; body weight and composition (Tanita BC-418; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan); and waist and hip circumferences (Lufkin Executive Thinline 2 m W606pm; Apex Tool Group, LLC, Sparks, MD). All anthropometric measures will be taken in accordance with the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment
[44 ] by the same research personnel at all time periods. Body composition, expressed as percentage body-fat, will be assessed using single frequency (50 Hz) bioelectrical impedance analysis scales (Tanita BC-418). Assessment of body composition by the Tanita BC-418 shows strong correlation with measures by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Pearson’s r = 0.87) with excellent test-retest reliability (intra- and inter-day coefficients of variability of 0.8-1.4% and 2.3-3.7%, respectively)
[45 (link)]. A minimum of two measures will be taken for each outcome. A third measure will be required if initial measures differ by ≥1%. Final measures will be reported as the mean of two measures, or if a third was required, the median of all three.

Mitchell B.L., Lewis N.R., Smith A.E., Rowlands A.V., Parfitt G, & Dollman J. (2014). Rural Environments and Community Health (REACH): a randomised controlled trial protocol for an online walking intervention in rural adults. BMC Public Health, 14, 969.

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Body Composition Measurements and Classification

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Weight and height were measured following World Health Organization (WHO) procedures.21 Body weight was measured with the individuals wearing no shoes and light clothing. Height was measured using a measuring rod (Seca, Germany). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the ratio of weight (kilograms) to the square of height (meters) (kg/m²⁾. The WHO BMI cutoff points were used to classify patients into different body weight categories.21
Patients’ abdominal fat percentage was determined using the bioelectrical impedance technique (TANITA, BC-418). The Segmental Body Composition Analyzer (TANITA, BC-418) used in this study was previously validated against hydro-densitometry in the assessment of body composition in healthy young adults.22 The cutoff points for abdominal fat percentage were gender-specific, based on which patients were classified into low, average, and high abdominal fat.23 (link)

Bawadi H., Katkhouda R., Tayyem R., Kerkadi A., Bou Raad S, & Subih H. (2019). Abdominal Fat Is Directly Associated With Inflammation In Persons With Type-2 Diabetes Regardless Of Glycemic Control – A Jordanian Study. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 12, 2411-2417.

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Anthropometric Measurements and Body Composition Analysis

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Anthropometrics (weight, height, and waist circumference [WC]) were measured according to World Health Organization (WHO) procedures (12 ). Body weight was measured with the individuals wearing no shoes and light clothing. Height was measured using a measuring rod (Seca, Germany). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the ratio of weight (kilograms) to the square of height (meters). WC was measured to the nearest centimeter using nonstretchable circumference measuring tape (SECA 203, Germany). The site of tape placing was determined according to WHO description of middle way between the iliac crest and lower rib border. The BMI cut-off points set by the WHO were used to classify patients (12 ).
Patients’ total body fat and truncal fat percent were determined using bioelectrical impedance technique (TANITA, BC-418). The segmental body composition analyzer (TANITA, BC-418) used in this study was previously validated against hydrodensitometry in the assessment of body composition in healthy young adults (13 ).
Body fat and percentage cut-off points used were gender and age specific based on which patients were classified into healthy, overfat, and obese (14 (link)). Cut-off points for truncal fat percentage were gender specific, according to which patients were classified into three levels of truncal fat: low, average, and high (14 (link)).

Bawadi H., Katkhouda R., Al-Haifi A., Tayyem R., Elkhoury C.F, & Jamal Z. (2016). Energy balance and macronutrient distribution in relation to C-reactive protein and HbA1c levels among patients with type 2 diabetes. Food & Nutrition Research, 60, 10.3402/fnr.v60.29904.

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Anthropometric Measurements in Children

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The children were weighed twice whilst wearing light clothing and without shoes using a digital scale to the nearest 0.1 kg (Seca 861). Height was measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer (Seca 222) to the nearest 0.1 cm. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height² (kg/m²). The waist circumference (WC) was measured with flexible tape in the midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib and expressed in cm. The fat mass (FM%) percentage was estimated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis system (BC-418, Tanita Corp, Tokyo, Japan). The Tanita BC-418 single frequency model has showed a strong linear correlation with the gold standard method dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 7- to 12-year-old children, although it underestimates fat mass and fat percentage [21 (link)]. The fat mass index (FMI = fat mass/height²—in kg/m²) was calculated. Since weight status is the consequence of an excess of fat and/or lean mass, this index allows the estimation of an indicator of adiposity adjusted by stature [22 (link)].
All physical examinations were performed in the morning in schools by trained nurses.

Lahoz-García N., Milla-Tobarra M., García-Hermoso A., Hernández-Luengo M., Pozuelo-Carrascosa D.P, & Martínez-Vizcaíno V. (2019). Associations between Dairy Intake, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Spanish Schoolchildren: The Cuenca Study. Nutrients, 11(12), 2940.

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Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment

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Total body fat mass, fat-free mass, trunk fat mass, body weight, and BMI were assessed by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) (BC-418; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). To ensure euhydration, subjects were instructed to drink at least 500 mL of plain water 30 min before the measurement. Waist circumference was determined to the nearest 0.1 cm of a contact tension tape. The tape was applied directly to the skin at the midpoint between the lower margin of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest ( 26 ). Subjects adopted a standing position with arms relaxed at the sides during the test. The Tanita BC-418 BIA has a retest coefficient of variation of 1.4%, and the measurement error of the BIA was 0.02% body fat ( 27 ).

Chin E.C., Yu A.P., Lai C.W., Fong D.Y., Chan D.K., Wong S.H., Sun F., Ngai H.H., Yung P.S.H, & Siu P.M. (2020). Low-Frequency HIIT Improves Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity in Overweight Men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 52(1).

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Estimating Skeletal Mass via BIA

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Skeletal mass was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita BC-418, Japan) [26 (link)]. Bioelectrical resistance was measured using 8 TANITA BC-418 electrodes with a frequency of 50 kHz at 500 uA. Electric current was supplied from the electrodes on the tips of the toes of both feet and the fingertips of both hands. Subjects stepped on the weighing platform in bare feet with heels on the posterior electrodes and the front part of the feet in contact with the anterior electrodes. They stood still without bending knees. The subjects also grasped the grips with both hands. When the measurements were done, the analyzer displayed resistance. Skeletal mass was estimated from Skeletal Mass (kg) = (0.401 × (height)²/resistance + (3.825 × gender) − (0.071 × age) + 5.102) [26 (link)]. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was obtained by dividing skeletal mass by height squared. Low muscle mass (LMM) was defined as an SMI of two standard deviations or more below the gender-specific mean for the 18–40 years old Taiwanese population (SMI < 8.87 kg/m² in men and SMI < 6.42 kg/m² in women) [26 (link),27 (link)].

Huang R.Y., Yang K.C., Chang H.H., Lee L.T., Lu C.W, & Huang K.C. (2016). The Association between Total Protein and Vegetable Protein Intake and Low Muscle Mass among the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population in Northern Taiwan. Nutrients, 8(6), 373.

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Anthropometric Measurements and Body Composition Assessment

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Body weight (kg) was measured using an electric scale (Model Tanita^® BC-418^® or BF-689^®, Tokyo, Japan) and height (cm) with a portable stadiometer (Seca^® 216, Hamburg, Germany). BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m²) [24 (link)]. WC (cm) was measured as the narrowest point between the lower costal border and the iliac crest using a metal tape measure (Lufkin W606PM^®, Parsippany, NJ, USA) in accordance with the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry [25 (link)]. BMI and TMI were calculated as weight (kg)/height (m²) and weight (kg)/height (m³), respectively, while the BMI z-score was estimated using the World Health Organization Growth Reference from 2007 [24 (link)]. For all anthropometric variables, a low technical error measurement was reported (less than 2%).
We determined body fat percentage (BF%) and FMI using bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA) by whole-body impedance (Tanita Model BC-418^®, Tokyo, Japan). Detailed information about the BIA technique has been provided in previous studies [26 (link),27 (link)]. The FMI was then calculated by dividing each subject’s fat mass (kg) by the cubed value of his/her height (m), as described in Burton [18 (link)].

Ramírez-Vélez R., Correa-Bautista J.E., Carrillo H.A., González-Jiménez E., Schmidt-RioValle J., Correa-Rodríguez M., García-Hermoso A, & González-Ruíz K. (2018). Tri-Ponderal Mass Index vs. Fat Mass/Height3 as a Screening Tool for Metabolic Syndrome Prediction in Colombian Children and Young People. Nutrients, 10(4), 412.

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Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment

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All measures (except DXA) will be obtained in duplicate by trained assessors blinded to support group allocation. If duplicate measures differ by more than 1 %, a third measurement is obtained and the median is used as the final value. Height will be measured by fixed stadiometer (Heightronic, QuickMedical, WA, USA) and weight by electronic scales (Tanita BC-418) with participants wearing light clothing and no shoes. Waist circumference will be measured at the narrowest point between the lower costal border and the top of the iliac crest by non-elastic tape. Body composition will be measured by segmental Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA, Tanita BC-418) at each time point and by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Lunar Prodigy) at 0 and 12 months only. Measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be obtained using an automated sphygmomanometer (Omron Model HEM-907).

Taylor R.W., Roy M., Jospe M.R., Osborne H.R., Meredith-Jones K.J., Williams S.M, & Brown R.C. (2015). Determining how best to support overweight adults to adhere to lifestyle change: protocol for the SWIFT study. BMC Public Health, 15, 861.

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Detailed Anthropometric and Body Composition Assessment

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Data collection staff had a background in CVD risk factors (anthropometric, adiposity, metabolic, and genetic markers) or lifestyle assessment, and were subsequently trained by research staff from the coordinating centre (UR, Bogotá). When measuring body weight, fat mass, and muscle mass, the participants were in light clothing and stood barefoot. Body weight (kg) was measured using an electric scale (Model Tanita^® BC-418^®, Tokyo, Japan) and height (cm) with a portable stadiometer (Seca^® 216, Hamburg, Germany). Waist circumference WC (cm) was measured as the narrowest point between the lower costal border and the iliac crest using a metal tape measure (Lufkin W606PM^®, Parsippany, NJ, USA). BMI and waist-to-height ratio were calculated as weight (kg)/height (m²) and WC (cm)/height (cm), respectively. We determined body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index (FMI) and fat mass (kg) using BIA by whole-body impedance (Tanita Model BC-418^®, Tokyo, Japan). Detailed information about the BIA technique has been provided in previous studies [30 (link),31 (link)]. A new variable, (ratio of fat mass to muscle mass, both in kilograms) was calculated as described in Xu et al. [26 (link)]. For all anthropometric variables, a low technical error measurement was reported (less than 2%).

Ramírez-Vélez R., Carrillo H.A., Correa-Bautista J.E., Schmidt-RioValle J., González-Jiménez E., Correa-Rodríguez M., González-Ruíz K, & García-Hermoso A. (2018). Fat-to-Muscle Ratio: A New Anthropometric Indicator as a Screening Tool for Metabolic Syndrome in Young Colombian People. Nutrients, 10(8), 1027.

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Comprehensive Anthropometric Assessments

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BW was measured without shoes and heavy accessories while wearing indoor clothing using a calibrated weighing scale (TANITA® BC-418, Tanita corp., Tokyo, Japan) to the nearest 0.1 kg. Similarly, height was measured using a stadiometer (TANITA® WB-3000, Tanita corp., Tokyo, Japan) to the nearest 0.01 m. BMI was calculated as BW (kg) divided by height in metres squared. Percentage weight loss (%WL) was determined using the following formula: %WL = ([baseline BW − BW at each study visit]/baseline BW) × 100. WC was measured using a non-stretchable tape with measurement taken at a horizontal line midway between the highest point of iliac crest and the lowest ribs. Body composition were measured using BIA (TANITA® BC-418, Tanita corp., Tokyo, Japan).

Chaiyasoot K., Sarasak R., Pheungruang B., Dawilai S., Pramyothin P., Boonyasiri A., Supapueng O., Jassil F.C., Yamwong P, & Batterham R.L. (2018). Evaluation of a 12-week lifestyle education intervention with or without partial meal replacement in Thai adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome: a randomised trial. Nutrition & Diabetes, 8, 23.

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