Acetonitrile mecn

All materials were used as received unless otherwise stated. Ibuprofen (Ph. Eur. S380) was purchased from Shasun Pharmaceuticals (Chennai, India). The pre-cured adhesive matrix utilized in all the patches was provided by Bostik (Cedex, France). Titanium n-butoxide, benzyl alcohol (BA), di(ethylene) glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE), propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG₄₀₀), oleic acid (OA), octadecanol (OD) phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich in the highest available grade. HPLC gradient grade water and acetonitrile (MeCN) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Strat-M® membrane was purchased from Merck Millipore. Nylon (0.45 μm pore size) membrane was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Human male or female abdominal skin samples (400 ± 50 μm) were sourced fresh from a licensed company in strict accordance with the Human Tissue Act 2004 and Human Tissue Regulations 2007 and codes of practice.

Fluxapyroxad standard (purity 99.99%), M700F008 standard (purity 99.5%), and M700F048 standard (purity 94%) were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). The formulation product 167 g/L of the fluxapyroxad suspension concentrate (SC) was provided by J&K Scientific (Beijing, China). Formic acid (FA) of chromatographic grade and acetonitrile (MeCN, ≥98.0% purity) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Analytical grade MeCN (99.8% purity), acetic acid (AcOH), sodium chloride (NaCl) and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Company (Beijing, China). Ultrapure water was prepared from a Milli–Q system (Bedford, MA, USA). Octadecylsilane (C18, 40–60 µg) and graphitized carbon black (GCB, 120–400 Mesh) were provided by Agela Technologies (Tianjin, China).
The working solution and calibration were prepared using the appropriate dilution of the stock solution on the day of analysis, and the mixed-matched standard solution of fluxapyroxad, M700F008 and M700F048 with concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/L were prepared by adding blank sample extracts to each serially diluted standard solution. The stock and working solutions were stored at –20 and 4 °C under dark conditions, respectively.

The chemical structure of the phthalocyanine (Pc) used is shown in figure 1 and its synthesis is described elsewhere [16 (link)]. Ethanol (EtOH) (≥99.5% by mass) was purchased from Altia Plc. Acetonitrile (MeCN), t-butanol (t-BuOH), ethanolamine, hexamethylene tetramine, 2-methoxyethanol, toluene, zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. TiO₂ nanoparticle paste was purchased from Solaronix (Ti-Nanoxide T/SP) and from Dyesol (18NR-T). Fluorine–tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates (TEC7) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and cleaned as described in [18 (link)].
Figure 1.

Phthalocyanine (Pc) structure.

Acetonitrile (MeCN) and FL were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) was purchased from TCI Chemicals and dried under vacuum at 180 °C for 24 h to remove moisture. BMEPZ was synthesized following a previously reported synthetic route (23 ).

Pure water for the HPLC analyses was obtained from a New Human Power I Scholar (Human Corporation, Seoul, Korea) purification system. All standard amino acids, as well as the eluent component acetonitrile (MeCN) and the ion-pair reagent heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).

Hombikat UV100 (UV100, Venator, Wynyard, UK), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, Fisher Scientific) and deionized water (DI) were used to synthesize pristine hydrogen titanate. Bismuth bromide (BiBr₃, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), cesium bromide (CsBr, Sigma-Aldrich), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich) and isopropanol (IPA, Sigma-Aldrich) was used to synthesize pristine Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ and Cs₃Bi₂Br₉/Hydrogen Titanate heterostructures. benzyl alcohol (BnOH, Sigma-Aldrich), Acetonitrile (MeCN, Sigma-Aldrich) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB, Sigma-Aldrich) were used for benzyl alcohol oxidation experiments. Potassium iodide (KI, Sigma-Aldrich), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, Sigma-Aldrich), p-benzoquinone (p-BQ, Sigma-Aldrich) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA, Sigma-Aldrich) were used for scavenger tests to identify the main reactive oxygen species (ROSs) responsible for BnOH conversion. All chemical reagents were used in purities >99% as received without any further purification.