AFB1 and ZEA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.) and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Shanghai Solarbio Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China) and 99.6% ethanol to prepare the concentrations of 1 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL as stock solutions, respectively. Work solutions were diluted with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12 at 1/1) (Hyclone, Logan, UT, U.S.) without serum and antibiotics. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Solarbio (Shanghai Solarbio Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China). The final concentrations of DMSO and ethanol used as solvents in the cell culture medium were less than 0.1%. IPEC-J2 cells for subculture use were cultured in DMEM/F12 added with 10% fetal bovine serum (Biological Industries, Kibbutz Beit-Haemek, Israel) without antibiotics. The cells were routinely seeded at a density of 5 × 105 in plastic tissue culture flasks (25 cm2), kept in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO2, and passaged twice weekly.
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide mtt
Manufactured by Solarbio
Sourced in China, United States
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) is a water-soluble tetrazolium salt that is commonly used as a colorimetric assay to measure cell metabolic activity. When reduced by cellular enzymes, MTT is converted into an insoluble purple formazan product, which can be quantified spectrophotometrically.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Solarbio (3 mentions)
Sodium alginate, by Energy Chemical (2 mentions)
Glycidyl methacrylate, by Energy Chemical (2 mentions)
Trypsin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Cell counting kit 8 cck 8 kit, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Living dead cell double staining kit, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Picogreen dsdna assay kit, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Sartorius (2 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Dmem f12, by Sartorius (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Solarbio (1 mentions)
4 6 diamino 2 phenylindole dapi, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Chlorine e6 ce6, by J&K Scientific (1 mentions)
Paraformaldehyde (pfa), by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Dialysis bag, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Andrographolide, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Crystal violet staining solution, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
12 protocols using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide mtt
1
Toxicological Assessment of AFB1 and ZEA
2
Cytotoxicity Assay of Silver Nanoparticles
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Human colorectal cancer HCT116, human hepatoma cancer HepG2 and human breast cancer Hela cell lines were cultured at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and grown continuously in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% heat in activated fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were plated out in the bottom of 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 104 cells per well and allowed to attach for 24 h. After sucking up the supernatant, the desired amounts of AgNPs (0.8–100.0 μg mL−1) were added into 96-well plates. The cells were then incubated at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 24 h followed by an MTT assay. 20 mL Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) (5.0 μg mL−1, Solarbio) and 150 mL DMEM media were freshly added to each well. After incubation for 4 h, the media was gently removed. The formed formazan crystals were dissolved in 150 mL DMSO, subsequently the absorbance was measured with a plate reader (PerkinElmer) at 490 nm. The cell viability was calculated according to the given formula: where A is the absorbance of sample, Ab is the bleaching absorbance without sample, and A0 is the absorbance value of control.
3
Enoxaparin-Based Photosensitizer Conjugate
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Enoxaparin sodium (MW = 4350 Da) was supplied by Hong ruikang Reagent Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). dl -α-tocopherol succinate (TOS), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chlorine e6 (Ce6) was obtained from J&K Scientific Ltd. (China). Dialysis bag (MWCO = 3500 Da), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and paraformaldehyde were bought from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay kit was obtained from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. (Japan). Fetal bovine serum was purchased from Tianhang Biological Technology Stock Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with high glucose level (DMEM) and RPMI-1640 medium was bought from Thermo Fisher Scientific Co. Ltd (China). All chemical reagents were of analytical or higher grade and directly applied without further purification.
4
Isolation and Characterization of RG
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Raw RG materials were bought from the Chinese Wen County Agricultural Products Market. IPEC-J2 cells were purchased from BLUEFBIO Bio-Tech Co. (Shanghai, China). AB-8 macroporous resin, H2O2, and sulfuric acid were purchased from Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium:nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), penicillin–streptomycin, LPS, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were procured from Solarbio Tech Co. (Beijing, China). All chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
5
Andrographolide Cytotoxicity Evaluation
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Andrographolide (Solarbio, Beijing, China) with a molecular weight of 350.45 was diluted to 100 mM with DMSO and used as the stock solution. Serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (Gibco, USA) was used to dilute the APL master mix. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was sourced from Solarbio in Beijing, China, and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich in Shanghai, China. Additionally, DMEM 2X High Glucose with L- glutamine and sodium pyruvate was procured from Gibco in the USA, Methylcellulose (MC) was provided by Solarbio in Beijing, China, and a 1% Crystal Violet Staining Solution was also obtained from Solarbio in Beijing, China.
6
Bioactive Chitosan-based Biomaterial Synthesis
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Short-chain chitosan (SCS, degree of deacetylation > 90%) was obtained from Jinhu Crust Product Co., Ltd. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa), lrgacure 2959, sodium alginate (SA), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were purchased from Energy Chemical Co. (Shanghai, China). The polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) was obtained from ReaLi Tide Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Weihai, China). A living/dead-cell double-staining kit, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8 kit), a PicoGreen dsDNA assay kit, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and triton X-100 were obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Ltd. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), penicillin–streptomycin, and trypsin were obtained from Gibco Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 6538) were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
7
Bioactive Chitosan-based Biomaterial Synthesis
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Short-chain chitosan (SCS, degree of deacetylation > 90%) was obtained from Jinhu Crust Product Co., Ltd. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa), lrgacure 2959, sodium alginate (SA), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were purchased from Energy Chemical Co. (Shanghai, China). The polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) was obtained from ReaLi Tide Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Weihai, China). A living/dead-cell double-staining kit, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8 kit), a PicoGreen dsDNA assay kit, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and triton X-100 were obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Ltd. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), penicillin–streptomycin, and trypsin were obtained from Gibco Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 6538) were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
8
Nanocarrier-Mediated Anticancer Drug Delivery
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CA4P (MW: 440.30), Lactobionic acid (LA, MW: 358.3) and cholesterol were purchased from Beijing Innochem Co., Ltd. (China). L-α-phosphatidylcholine, Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT, MW:414.3), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 4ʹ,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, MW:350.2) were obtained from Beijing Solarbio Co., Ltd. (China). DOX was obtained from Shanxi Powerdone Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (China). DSPE-PEG-NHS was obtained from Xi’an Ruixi Technology Co., Ltd. (China). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
9
Graphene Oxide Synthesis and Doxorubicin Delivery
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GO was prepared from graphite powder according
to the improved Hummers method.39 (link) Meilun
Biotechnology Tech Co., Ltd (Dalian) provided doxorubicin hydrochloride
(Dox). magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were
acquired from China National Pharmaceutical Group Corp. Thiazolyl
blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Beijing Solarbio
Science & Technology Co., Ltd. All enzymes used in the experiment
(including DNase I, EXO I, EXO III, etc.) were procured from New England
Biolabs (Beijing) Ltd. The reagents used in the experiment were of
analytical grade, which were used as received. Dulbecco’s modified
Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum, and phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS) were purchased from Sigma. DNA and RNA used in the experiment
were both supplied by Shanghai Sangon Biotechnology. The sequence
of the nucleic acid can be seen inTable S1 .
to the improved Hummers method.39 (link) Meilun
Biotechnology Tech Co., Ltd (Dalian) provided doxorubicin hydrochloride
(Dox). magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were
acquired from China National Pharmaceutical Group Corp. Thiazolyl
blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Beijing Solarbio
Science & Technology Co., Ltd. All enzymes used in the experiment
(including DNase I, EXO I, EXO III, etc.) were procured from New England
Biolabs (Beijing) Ltd. The reagents used in the experiment were of
analytical grade, which were used as received. Dulbecco’s modified
Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum, and phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS) were purchased from Sigma. DNA and RNA used in the experiment
were both supplied by Shanghai Sangon Biotechnology. The sequence
of the nucleic acid can be seen in
10
Evaluating DON and GA Cytotoxicity
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DON (purity > 99%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain 1 mg/mL stock solution. GA was provided by Henan Delin Biological Products Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, China. DMSO, 0.25% pancreatin with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phosphatebuffered saline (PBS), penicillin–streptomycin and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing Solarbio Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing, China). High-glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Biological Industries (Kibbutz Beit-Haemek, Israel). Yeast extract powder, tryptone, peptone, sodium chloride, glucose, methanol, anhydrous ethanol, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, anhydrous sodium acetate, manganese sulfate and magnesium sulfate were domestic analytically pure; DON quantitative detection kit was purchased from Suwei Biological Research Co., Ltd. Jiangsu, China. The IL-8, NF-κB, and Caspase 3 concentrations assay kits were purchased from Jiangsu Meimian Industrial Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies of Bax (abs119724), TNF-α (abs123966), COX-2 (abs120547), ZO-1 (abs131224), Claudin-1 (abs130064), PePT1 (abs134568), β-actin and goat anti-rabbit antibody of IgG were purchased from Absin Bioscience Inc. (Shanghai, China).
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