The pH and TVB-N contents of albumen and yolk from raw fresh eggs and raw salted eggs produced with brine and ozonized brine (Day 15) were determined. The pH of 10 mL samples was measured using a pH meter (Cyberscan 500, Singapore). The TVB-N contents were measured via the method of Conway and Byrne [27 ]. The sample (2 g) was vigorously mixed with 8 mL of 4% TCA. The filtrate (1 mL) was placed in the outer ring after the mixture was filtered with Whatman No. 41 filter paper. The inner ring solution (1% boric acid with the Conway indicator) was pipetted into it. Then, K2CO3 (1 mL) was combined with the filtrate to start the reaction. The Conway unit was sealed and incubated for 60 min at 37 °C. After that, the inner ring solution was titrated with 0.02 N HCl until the green color changed to pink. The TVB-N content is presented in mg/100 g.
Whatman filter paper no 41
Manufactured by Cytiva
Sourced in United Kingdom
Whatman filter paper No. 41 is a high-quality cellulose-based filtration product designed for general laboratory use. It features a medium-fast filtration rate and is suitable for a variety of applications that require efficient separation of solids from liquids.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
R 210, by Büchi (2 mentions)
Whatman filter paper, by Cytiva (2 mentions)
R 215, by Büchi (1 mentions)
Avicel ph 101, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thioglucosidase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Whatman no 41, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Refracto 30px, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Genesys 10s vis spectrophotometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
50 ml centrifuge tube, by Sarstedt (1 mentions)
Icp multi element standard solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Optima 800, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Icap 6300 duo, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Aanalyst 800, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
R 300, by Büchi (1 mentions)
Rotary evaporator, by Büchi (1 mentions)
Potato dextrose broth (pdb), by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aa 7000, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Ice 3000 series aa spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pinaacle 900t, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
103 protocols using whatman filter paper no 41
1
Egg Freshness Evaluation by pH and TVB-N
2
Purification of Waste Frying Oil
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The adsorbents, i.e., SCBA, DPSC, and RHA, were mixed individually with 2000 ml of WFO at levels 1, 2, and 3% (w/v) and Magnesol XL 2% (w/v), then mechanically stirred for 60 min at 105 °C. The slurry was vacuum filtered through a Whatman No. 41 filter paper (Whatman International Ltd, Maidstone, UK). Vacuum filtration facilitated the flow of oil through the filter paper. The unpurified WFO was vacuum filtered through a Whatman No. 41 filter paper and used for producing the control samples.
3
Extraction and Freeze-Drying of Plant Metabolites
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The leaves and stem of the plant were washed with distilled water and oven-dried in an oven at 37 °C for 3 days. The dried plant was grounded to a fine powder using a mechanical grinder and stored in an airtight container. About 60 g of dry powder of the plant was extracted with HPLC grade methanol (300 ml) using an orbital shaker (25–30 °C) for 3 days. The supernatant was filtered through Whatman No. 41 filter paper by vacuum and the fresh solvent was added to the samples, which were extracted for another 3 days. The methanol residues were removed from the extract using a vacuum rotary evaporator (R-215, BUCHI, Switzerland). The sample was kept at − 80 °C for 24 h and then lyophilized using a freeze drier (Freezon 12, Labconco, USA). The freeze-dried sample (4.80 g) was then stored in the freezer for further studies.
4
Pretreatment of Wheat Straw for Biofuels
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Glucose and Avicel® cellulose (Avicel PH-101, Sigma-Aldrich) were directly used for SHF an SSF experiments. Wheat straw was hydrothermally pretreated following the conditions previously established elsewhere [39 (link)]. A 0.6-L stainless steel reactor vessel (Parr Instruments Company, USA) was fed with wheat straw and water at liquid/solid ratio of 7. The reactor was heated to reach a final temperature of 210°C (non-isothermal conditions), 250 Psi, at 150 rpm, in 30 minutes. The reactor was cooled to 100°C in a water-ice bath, in 1.5 minutes. The solid and liquid phases were separated by pressing (up to 200 kg/cm2) using a hydraulic press. The solids were washed with water, filtered through Whatman No. 41 filter paper and dried at 50°C for 48 h [39 (link)]. The solid fraction was characterized by means of a quantitative acid hydrolysis [40 ] to determine cellulose content prior to use.
5
Spectroscopic Analysis of Aluminum in Water Samples
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Tap water was collected after 10 min of flowing from taps prescent in a lab inside our university. Bottled mineral water samples were bought from a local market (Dasani company). These samples were tested without any pretreatment. Sea water samples were collected from Port Said city, Egypt. Bottles of 1000 milliliters were used to collect the water samples. We used Whatman No. 41 filter paper to filter the water samples, then transferred 100 mL of each filtered sample to a 250 mL conical flask and added 10 mL of a mixture of HNO3 and H2O2 (1:9, v/v). This sample set was heated in a reflux for 1.5 hours to oxidize organic matter. After being cooled, the samples were moved to a 100 mL volumetric flask, where they were brought up to the correct volume with deionized distilled water, well mixed, and analyzed using the described procedure. The standard addition method detected Al(III) in water samples. All spectroscopic measurements were performed at a constant temperature of 25 ± 1 °C (room temperature). We performed the measurement three times and the average value was calculated.
6
Sediment Digestion and Elemental Analysis
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Deionized water supplied by University of Cape Coast Technology Village was used in all the analyses. All standard solutions used were of the highest purity supplied by MES Equipment Limited, Ghana. The nitric and hydrochloric acids used for the digestion were all of the analytical grades and supplied by MES Equipment. The sieved sediment was further ground with mortar and pestle until fine particles (< 200 μm) were obtained (Ismaeel and Kusag 2015 ). About 2 g of the ground sediment was taken in a 100-mL beaker and 15 mL of concentrated HNO3 was added. The content was heated at 130 °C for 5 h until 2–3 mL remained in the beaker. The digested sediment was then passed through Whatman no. 41 filter paper and washed with a 0.1 M HNO3 solution and made to 100 mL volume using deionized water (Ali et al. 2016 (link)).
7
Mango Flesh Ethanol Extraction
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Two grams of mango flesh was cut into small pieces and plunged into 20 mL of boiling ethanol for 5–10 min. After cooling, it was crushed thoroughly in a mortar with a pestle. The homogenate was filtered through two layers of muslin cloth and refiltered through a Whatman no. 41 filter paper. The extract was evaporated to dryness over a steam bath and subsequently cooled. The residues were dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and the resulting solution was used as flesh extract (sample stock) for the estimation of TS, RS, and PC.
8
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from S. polyanthum Leaves
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S. polyanthum leaves (0.52 kg) were collected from the District of Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia. The plant was identified by a botanist, Dr. Richard Chung from the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) as S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp var. Polyanthum. The herbal specimen (dried leaves) was deposited into FRIM herbarium (PID-171011-10). S. polyanthum leaves were extracted using protocols as reported in Ismail et al.[7 (link)] Basically, S. polyanthum leaves were washed with distilled water, dried at 50°C for 3 consecutive days, ground into powder, and the filtrate was sieved. Subsequently, the dry powdered sample was immersed in distilled water, heated at 80°C–90°C with continuous stirring for 30 min. The extract was filtered through Whatman No. 41 filter paper and then lyophilized. The lyophilized sample was designated as the aqueous extract of S. polyanthum leaves (AESP). The residue was then extracted using 95% methanol (v/v) in a Soxhlet apparatus for two continuous cycles. The extract was then concentrated through rotary evaporator and then dried at 50°C. The viscous extract was then designated as the methanolic extract of S. polyanthum (MESP). Both extracts were stored in-20°C freezer until use.
9
Quantification of Broccoli Isothiocyanates
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Isothiocyanates were detected as described15 (link), 16 (link). No vicinal dithiol contamination of equipment or materials was detected (data not shown). Control samples contained neither broccoli extracts nor 1,2-benzenedithiole (1,2 BDT). High glucosinolate frozen broccoli (100 g) was steamed for 6 mins and blended (0.5 g/ml) in phosphate buffer (33 mM potassium phosphate, 500 µM ascorbic acid, 1 mM EDTA). The broccoli blend was diluted 1:1.5 in distilled water and glucosinolates were hydrolysed using thioglucosidase, 0.05 U/ml (Sigma T4528) at room temperature, 2 hours. The blend was clarified by centrifugation at 3000 g, 5 min and the supernatant was filtered through Whatman no. 41 filter paper, pre-soaked in phosphate buffer. Extraction was repeated three times and pooled. A cyclocondensation reaction of 1,2 BDT and broccoli extracts to 1,3 benzodithiole-2-thione (1,3-BDT) was performed at 65 °C for 2 hours in the dark: the broccoli extract was diluted 1:9 in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH8.5 and added 1:1 to 8 mM 1,2 BDT dissolved in 100% v/v methanol. The 1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione product was detected at 365 nm.
10
Trace Metal Sample Preparation
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Water samples were collected and filtered through Whatman no. 41 filter paper in acid cleaned bottles. The samples were then acidified with 4 ml of supra pure HNO3 and stored at 40 °C for 16 h. Amount of 2 ml HNO3 was added into the sample of 250 ml using beaker of equal size. The sample beaker was covered with watch glass and kept on the hot plate to almost evaporate. The samples were removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool at room temperature. The samples were again filtered into 25 ml volumetric flask by Whatman no. 41 and levelled up to the mark with deionized water to be analysed.
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