a kind gift from Dr. Scott Ulrich (Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY). MDC
and dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate were purchased from Sigma (St.
Louis, MO). T101 and Z-Don were purchased from Zedira GmbH (Darmstadt,
Germany). All of the cell lines used in this study were obtained from
the ATCC (Manassas, VA). Cell culture reagents and SDS-PAGE gels were
obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Western Lighting Plus ECL
was obtained from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA). The anti-TG2 cocktail
antibody (MS-300-P) was from Neomarkers (Fremont, CA), and the antivinculin
antibody (V9131) was from Sigma. The HRP-conjugated antirabbit IgG
(70745) was from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA), and the HRP-conjugated
antimouse IgG (NA931-1 ML) was from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Pittsburgh,
PA). All of the other reagents were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific
(Waltham, MA).