Fludarabine

It is well known that poly(I:C) stimulates innate immunity such as TLR3.³³ Thus, it was used for surrogate viral RNA such as rhinovirus.¹³ We also used CpG oligonucleotides (CpG–ODN), TLR9 ligand replacement of viral DNA. Both nucleic acid compounds were purchased from Novus Biologicals. IL‐13 and IL‐4 were purchased from PeproTech. IL‐33 was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical. IL‐37 and CC16 (Clara cell secretory protein; a marker of bronchial lung epithelial cells) were purchased from ProSpec and R&D Systems, respectively. BAY 11‐7082 (an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa light chain (NF‐κB) enhancer of activated B cells was purchased from InvivoGen. Ruxolitinib, stattic (an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3³⁴), and LY294002 (a phosphatidylinositol kinase‐3 inhibitor) were purchased from Cayman Chemical. The chemotherapy agent, fludarabine, was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical. The corticosteroid, FP, was purchased from Sigma. A type I interferon (IFNs) neutralizing antibody mixture was purchased from PBL Assay Science. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for TLR3, interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3, RelA (a NF‐κB subunit), JAK1, STAT6, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1, ERK2, Stealth RNAi siRNA Negative Control Med GC Duplex #2, and Lipofectamine RNA iMAX Reagent were purchased from Invitrogen.