Vitamin b2

Nutrients including L-tyrosine(CAS No.: 60-18-4), Vitamin B₁(CAS No.: 67-03-8), Vitamin B₂(CAS No.: 83-88-5), Vitamin B₅(CAS No.: 137-08-6), Vitamin B₆(CAS No.: 58-56-0), Vitamin B₁₂(CAS No.: 68-19-9), Quercetin(CAS No.: 117-39-5), Resveratrol(CAS No.: 501-36-0), Tea Polyphenols(CAS No.: 84650-60-2), Genistein(CAS No.: 446-72-0), Baicalein(CAS No.: 491-67-8), Luteolin(CAS No.: 491-70-3), Proanthocyanidin(CAS No.: 4852-22-6) and Naringin(CAS No.: 10236-47-2) are all purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); CCK8 kit and ROS kit are purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).
Instruments includes Artificial climate box (ZRQ-400); Morris water maze (JLBehav-MWMG); Shuttle box (JLBehav-STG-4); Fluorescent dye 2′, 7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA, Sigma, USA).

Ginsenoside Re (≥ 98.0% purity) was purchased from School of Chemistry, Jilin University (Changchun, China). Digoxin [internal standard (IS)] with purity of 98.0% or more was purchased from Pure Chemical Standard Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Vitamin B₁ (≥ 99%), vitamin B₂ (≥ 98%), vitamin B₃ (≥ 99%), vitamin B₅ (≥ 99%), vitamin B₆ (≥ 99%), vitamin B₇ (≥ 97%), vitamin B₉ (≥ 97%), and vitamin B₁₂ (≥ 98%) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Liver glycogen assay kits, urea assay kits, and lactic acid (LA) assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Ammonium hydroxide (HPLC grade) was purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China).
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns (Oasis HLB 3 cm³/60 mg) were purchased from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). Methanol and acetonitrile (both HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (NJ, USA). Milli-Q (Millipore) water was used in all experiments. All other chemicals were of HPLC or analytical grade.