Nova 200 nano sem

BC composites were coated with a thin layer of gold–palladium. Analyses of the surface morphology and cross section of these composites were done using an ultra‐high‐resolution field emission gun SEM instrument (NOVA 200 Nano SEM; FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA).

In order to study the impregnation and the degree of dispersion of the GNPs into the ecocomposites, FESEM analysis was used. The surface morphology and cross sections of the samples was analyzed by FESEM using the NOVA 200 Nano SEM equipment from FEI Company (Hillsboro, OR, USA). All samples were coated with a palladium-gold (Pd-Au) film (20 nm) to make them conductive.

In order to study the impregnation and the GNP’s degree of dispersion in the textile substrates, an FESEM analysis was carried out. The surface morphology of the samples was analysed by FESEM using the NOVA 200 Nano SEM equipment from FEI Company (Hillsboro, OR, USA). All samples were sputter-coated with a palladium-gold (Pd-Au) film (20 nm) to make them conductive. The images were taken in topographic mode with an accelerated voltage of 10 kV, on different scales.

Morphological analyses of the PC-coated fabrics were carried out by scanning electron microscopy with an ultra-high resolution field emission gun (FEI NOVA 200 Nano SEM). Before all measurements, the PC-coated fabric samples were covered with a thin film of gold/palladium (80:20) in a 208HR high-resolution sputter coater (Cressington, Watford, UK) coupled to an MTM-20 high-resolution thickness controller (Cressington, Watford, UK).

Surface morphology
was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using an ultrahigh-resolution
field emission gun SEM (FEG-SEM, NOVA 200 Nano SEM, FEI Company).
Before analysis, samples were first covered with a very thin film
(5 nm) of Au–Pd (80–20 wt %). Topographic images were
obtained with a secondary electron detector using the following parameters:
an acceleration voltage of 10 kV, a ∼5 mm stage distance, and
10,000 and 50,000 × magnifications.

The morphology of each PVA architecture was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an ultra-high resolution field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), NOVA 200 Nano SEM, FEI Company (Hillsboro, OR, USA). Secondary electron images were performed at an acceleration voltage of 10 kV. Samples were covered with a thin film (25 nm) of Au-Pd (80–20 weight %), using a high-resolution sputter coater, 208HR Cressington Company (Watford, UK), coupled to an MTM-20 Cressington High-Resolution Thickness Controller.
The braiding angle of each fibrous architecture, a fundamental physical property, was accurately measured from images obtained by SEM, using the ImageJ software.

The analysis of fabrics was conducted employing an ultra-high-resolution field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) system from NOVA 200 Nano SEM, FEI. A 10 kV acceleration voltage was selected in order to acquire secondary electron images. The surfaces of the samples were coated with a 25 nm film of Au-Pd (80–20 weight percent) using a sputter coater of high-resolution (208HR Cressington Company, which was fixed to an MTM-20 Cressington high-resolution thickness controller). An analysis was conducted on the morphology of the HAp layer that was applied to the PVA-braided architectures using the identical SEM technique. Subsequently, the elemental (atomic) compositions of the composite braids were analyzed, which included the Ca/P ratio of HAp. In order to accomplish this, the SEM apparatus utilized energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis with an EDAX Si (Li) detector and a 5 kV acceleration voltage.