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8 protocols using uranyl acetate

1

Imaging Nuclear Inclusion Bodies in MKPV-Infected Mice

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To image nuclear inclusion bodies, freshly isolated kidneys from MKPV-infected mice were fixed in a mixture of 2% paraformaldehyde (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA) and 2.5% glutaraldehyde (ProSciTech, Kirwan, QLD, Australia) overnight prior to microdissection into ~1 mm3 pieces and secondary fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide (ProSciTech, Kirwan, QLD, Australia) for 10 min. Samples were then dehydrated in an alcohol series, resin-infiltrated and embedded, ultramicrotome sectioned, stained with 2% w/v uranyl acetate (ProSciTech, Kirwan, QLD, Australia) and Reynolds Lead Citrate (ProSciTech, Kirwan, QLD, Australia), and imaged in a JEOL JEM-1400 Transmission Electron Microscope (Peabody, MA, USA) operated at 100 kV. The experiment was conducted twice. The technician was not blinded in order to locate and image the region of interest, i.e. the nuclear inclusion bodies.
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2

TEM Sample Preparation for BMVs

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Sample preparation for TEM was performed as described previously (11 (link)). Briefly, BMVs were coated onto carbon-coated 400 mesh copper grids (ProSciTech), fixed in 1% (wt/vol) glutaraldehyde (Sigma) in PBS, stained with 2% (wt/vol) uranyl acetate (ProSciTech) (pH 7.0), and coated with 2% (wt/vol) methyl-cellulose (Sigma) in 0.4% (wt/vol) uranyl acetate (pH 4.0). Samples were viewed using a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) operated at 200 kV fitted with a Valeta 4 MP CCD camera (Emsis, Germany).
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3

Negative Staining of Proteins

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Negative staining was performed using substrate carbon-coated nickel grids (Proscitech Kirwan, Australia). Protein was loaded onto the grid and washed three times with milli-Q water. Subsequently, 2 % (w/v) uranyl acetate (ProsciTech Kirwan, Australia) in 0.22 μm sterile filtered milli Q water was added for 2 min to stain the proteins negatively. The grids were analysed using a JEOL 2011 TEM (Tokyo, Japan) operated at 200 kV and Images taken using a Gatan Orius digital camera (California, USA).
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4

TEM Imaging of Outer Membrane Vesicles

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TEM sample preparation was performed as previously described (5 (link), 35 (link)). Briefly, OMVs were coated onto carbon‐coated 400 mesh copper grids (ProSciTech, Australia) for 10 min, fixed in 1% (w/v) glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and negatively-stained with 2% (w/v) uranyl-acetate (ProSciTech, Australia). OMV samples were then coated with 2% (w/v) methyl-cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in 0.4% (w/v) uranyl acetate. Samples were air dried and viewed using a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) operated at 200 kV using a Valeta 4 MP CCD camera (Emsis, Germany).
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5

Transmission Electron Microscopy Protocol

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After secondary antibody incubations, grids were washed in ultra-high-quality water and stained with 2% w/v uranyl acetate (ProSciTech) for 5 min, washed, and then air dried before carbon-coating using an Emitech K950X instrument (Quorum Technologies, Laughton, East Sussex, UK). TEM was conducted using a Jeol JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope under an accelerating voltage of 80 kV and images captured on a Gatan Orius SC 200 CCD camera (Scitek, Australia).
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6

Transmission Electron Microscopy Protocol for Tissue Analysis

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Tissues of all groups were fixed in phosphate-buffer containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) for 2-3 h, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetraoxide (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) and dehydrated in a series of graded alcohols (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 96 and 100% ethanol). After passing through propylene oxide (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), the specimens were embedded in Araldite CY 212 (Ciba-Geigy), (2-dodecen-1-yl)succinic anhydride (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), benzyldimethyl amine (Poly Sciences Inc.) and dibutylphtalate (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). The semi-thin sections were stained with toluidine blue (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) and examined with a photomicroscope (BH2 Olympus, Japan). After the selection of appropriate specimens, thin sections were cut and stained with uranyl acetate (ProSciTech) and lead citrate (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). They were examined by an electron microscope (Carl Zeiss EM 900, Germany).
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7

Electron Microscopy Tissue Preparation

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Tissues of all groups were fi xed in phosphate buffer containing 2.5 % glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) for 2-3 h, post-fi xed in 1 % osmium tetra oxide (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) and dehydrated in a series of graded alcohols (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 96 and 100 % ethanol). After passing through propylene oxide (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), the specimens were embedded in Araldite CY 212 (Ciba-Geigy), (2-dodecen-1-yl) succinic anhydride (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), benzyldimethyl amine (Poly Sciences Inc.) and dibutylphtalate (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). The semi-thin sections were stained with toluidine blue (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), and examined with a photomicroscope (Leica DM4000, Germany). After the selection of appropriate specimens, thin sections were cut and stained with uranyl acetate (Pro Sci Tech) and lead citrate (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). They were examined by means of an electron microscope (Carl Zeiss EM 900, Germany) (17) .
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8

Electron Microscopy Tissue Preparation

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Tissues from all the groups were fixed in phosphate buffered solution (Ph= 7.3) containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) for 2 h at room temperature, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetraoxide (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) and dehydrated in a series of graded alcohols (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% ethanol). After passing through propylene oxide (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), the specimens were embedded in Araldite CY 212 (Ciba-Geigy), (2-dodecen-1-yl) succinic anhydride (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), benzyldimethylamine (Poly Sciences Inc.) and dibutylphtalate (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). The semi-thin sections were stained with toluidine blue (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) and examined with a photomicroscope (DM 500 Leica, Germany). After the selection of appropriate specimens, thin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate (ProSciTech) and lead citrate (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), and examined via an electron microscope by two blinded histologists (Leo 906 e Carl Zeiss, Germany).
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