Dl 2 amino 5 phosphonovaleric acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

DL-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid is a synthetic amino acid compound. It serves as a reagent in various laboratory applications and research studies.

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Lab products found in correlation

5 protocols using dl 2 amino 5 phosphonovaleric acid

Pharmacological Modulation of Neuronal Signaling

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For in vitro experiments, SR 95531 hydrobromide (gabazine 5 μM, Tocris Bioscience, UK, Ref. 1262), NMDA (10 μM, Tocris Bioscience, UK, Ref. 0114), 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione (10 µM, NIH generous gift), GABA (10 μM, Sigma-Aldrich), isoguvacine (10 μM, Sigma-Aldrich, Ref. G002), DL -2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (40 µM, Sigma-Aldrich, Ref. A5282), and bumetanide (10 μM, Sigma-Aldrich, Ref. B3023) were directly added to the perfusion solutions. For ca experiments, slices were treated with bumetanide for 40 min before and during recordings. Cocktail of nicotinic receptor antagonists included mecamylamine hydrochloride (10 μM, Tocris Bioscience, Ref. 2843/10), methyllycaconitine citrate (0.1 μM, Tocris Bioscience, Ref. 1029/5), and dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide (10 μM, Tocris Bioscience, Ref. 2349/10). For in vivo experiments, bumetanide pretreatment (3 mg kg⁻¹) was given to mice in drinking water during 5 weeks.

Lozovaya N., Eftekhari S., Cloarec R., Gouty-Colomer L.A., Dufour A., Riffault B., Billon-Grand M., Pons-Bennaceur A., Oumar N., Burnashev N., Ben-Ari Y, & Hammond C. (2018). GABAergic inhibition in dual-transmission cholinergic and GABAergic striatal interneurons is abolished in Parkinson disease. Nature Communications, 9, 1422.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Neurotransmitter Signaling

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We purchased 1-(3-Chlorophenyl) biguanide hydrochloride (mCPBG), gabazine, DL-2-amino-5-phosphono-valeric acid (DL-APV), 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), SCH50911, 6, 7-dinitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (DNQX), tetrodotoxin (TTX), strychnine, SB-200646 hydrochloride (SB200646), ritanserin (RIT), ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (OND) and serotonin hydrochloride (5-HT), 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) and other common salts from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (St Louis, MO, USA); and Citalopram hydrobromide, WAY₁₀₀₆₃₅ and 1-(3-Chlorophenyl) piperazine hydrochloride (mCPP) from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA).

Zuo W., Zhang Y., Xie G., Gregor D., Bekker A, & Ye J.H. (2015). Serotonin stimulates lateral habenula via activation of the post-synaptic serotonin 2/3 receptors and transient receptor potential channels. Neuropharmacology, 101, 449-459.

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Pharmacological Agents Evaluation Protocol

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LPS, minocycline, paeonol, MRS2179 ammonium salt hydrate, MPEP hydrochloride, bicuculline methiodide, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) were purchased from the Sigma Chemical Company (St Louis, MO, USA), sodium fluoroacetate was purchased from Chem Service, Inc. (West Chester, USA), (N)-methanocarba-2MeSADP (MRS2365) was purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, USA), and tetrodotoxin (TTX) was purchased from Alomone Labs Ltd. (Jerusalem, Israel). paeonol was prepared in ethanol; MPEP and CNQX were prepared in DMSO; distilled water was used for all other drug stocks.

Yang C.T., Hung S.Y., Hsu S.F., MacDonald I., Lin J.G., Luo S.T., Lin P.L, & Chen Y.H. (2019). Inhibiting the LPS-induced enhancement of mEPSC frequency in superficial dorsal horn neurons may serve as an electrophysiological model for alleviating pain. Scientific Reports, 9, 16032.

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Generating Rat GluN2A Mutants for NMDAR Studies

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Rat GluN2A-K590, GluN2A-K879, and GluN2A-R1067 cDNA mutants were generated from the plasmid pcDNA3.1⁺-GluN2A by the site-directed mutagenesis kit, KOD-Plus-Neo (KOD-401, TOYOBO). As described in a previous study (Luo et al., 2002 (link)), the N-terminal GFP-tagged versions (GFP-GluN2A-K590N, GFP-GluN2A-K879R, and GFP-GluN2A-R1067W) were constructed using the GFP-GluN2A plasmid as a template. All these expression constructs were verified by DNA sequencing. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 and 293T cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (11995065, Gibco), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (10099141, Gibco) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin (10378016, Gibco) in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂ at 37°C. Appropriate plasmids (2–4 μg per 35-mm dish) were transfected into the cells using the Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent (11668019, Invitrogen), according to the instructions of the manufacturer. To avoid NMDARs-mediated toxicity, 200 μM D, L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (A8054, Sigma, United States) and 1 mM kynurenic acid (K3375, Sigma) were added to the culture medium. All experiments were performed in accordance with United Kingdom Animal Scientific Procedures Act (1986) following local ethical review (2021-hs-06).

Liu X.R., Xu X.X., Lin S.M., Fan C.Y., Ye T.T., Tang B., Shi Y.W., Su T., Li B.M., Yi Y.H., Luo J.H, & Liao W.P. (2021). GRIN2A Variants Associated With Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 14, 720984.

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GABA Receptor Antagonists Evaluation

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2,3-Dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (10 µM, Tocris Bioscience, Ref. 0373), isoguvacine (10 μM, Sigma-Aldrich, Ref. G002), DL-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (40 µM, Sigma-Aldrich, Ref. A5282), picrotoxin (50 µM, Tocris Bioscience, Ref. 1128), bumetanide (10 μM, Sigma-Aldrich, Ref. B3023).

Lozovaya N., Moumen A, & Hammond C. (2024). Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Have Specific Characteristics during the Perinatal Period. eNeuro, 11(5), ENEURO.0538-23.2024.

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