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Baso4

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BaSO4 is a chemical compound that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a white, crystalline powder that is insoluble in water. BaSO4 has a high density and is commonly used as a contrast agent in X-ray and radiological imaging procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

V 570, by Jasco (1 mentions) Skyscan 1272, by Bruker (1 mentions) Microfil mv 122, by Flow Tech (1 mentions) Fs920 spectrometer, by Edinburgh Instruments (1 mentions) Fls920 spectrometer, by Hamamatsu Photonics (1 mentions) N n dimethyl p toluidine dmpt, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Benzoyl peroxide bpo, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

7 protocols using baso4

1

DRS Spectroscopy of Powder Samples

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The DRS spectrum for all
samples (powder) was recorded from 190 to 800 nm, using a Shimadzu
spectrophotometer, UV2600i, coupled with a diffuse reflectance sphere,
in which the DRS data was collected at a scan rate of 5 nms–1, where the barium sulfate (BaSO4, Sigma-Aldrich, purity
> 99.9) was used as reflection standard.
Takeno M.L., Nobre F.X., da Costa F.F., Botelho do Nascimento M.V., Pessoa Júnior W.A., Araújo Júnior E.A., Sousa G.D., de Sá M.L., Gurgel R.S., Albuquerque P.M., Matos J.M., Leyet Ruiz Y, & Grandini C.R. (2024). Solvent Effect on the Structural, Optical, Morphology, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Phosphate Microcrystals by Conventional Hydrothermal Method. ACS Omega, 9(21), 23069-23085.
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2

Diffuse-reflectance spectra of gadolinium complexes

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Diffuse-reflectance spectra of Gd(4-cpno)(tfa)3(H2O)·H2O and Gd(tfa)3(H2O)3 were collected using a Jasco V-570 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer featuring a 60 mm integrating sphere. Spectra were recorded between 200 and 800 nm. BaSO4 (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich) was a used as a reflectance standard. Reflectance (R) was converted to absorbance using the Kubelka–Munk function F(R) (F(R) = (1 – R)2/2R).30
Munasinghe H.N., Szlag R.G., Imer M.R, & Rabuffetti F.A. (2022). Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence of Mixed-Ligand Lanthanide Trifluoroacetates. Inorganic chemistry, 61(14), 5588-5594.
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3

Microfil Phantom Imaging Protocol

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Phantoms were generated in PE-50 tubing for Microfil MV122 (Flow Tech Inc., Carver, MA), a suspension of BaSO4 prepared from commercially-obtained BaSO4 (Sigma-Aldrich), a suspension of BaSO4 microparticles, and BaCl2 (10 and 35%) in 10% unflavored gelatin (Knox, ED Smith Foods). For comparison, phantoms were also generated for air and saline. The working Microfil solution was prepared by mixing 5 parts of Microfil MV-122, 4 parts diluent, and 0.5 parts catalyst; these proportions are purported by the manufacturer to produce a lower viscosity solution. The phantoms were imaged as a single group by micro CT (SkyScan 1272, Bruker, MA). The X-ray attenuation of contrast agents were compared by measuring mean image intensity of the samples. Image intensities were inverted so that increased attenuation was reflected in the positive direction (Image J).
Hong S.H., Herman A.M., Stephenson J.M., Wu T., Bahadur A.N., Burns A.R., Marrelli S.P, & Wythe J.D. (2019). Development of barium-based low viscosity contrast agents for micro CT vascular casting: Application to 3D visualization of the adult mouse cerebrovasculature. Journal of neuroscience research, 98(2), 312-324.
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4

Characterization of Powder Samples and Filter Efficiency

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The diffuse reflection measurements were performed using a Spectralon® coated integration sphere, placed in an Edinburgh Instruments FS920 spectrometer. The samples were irradiated between 200 and 300 nm, whereby the radiation was generated by a 450 W xenon arc lamp. The spectrometer contained two TMS300 monochromators with 1800 F/mm gratings and a photomultiplier tube R928 (Hamamatsu). The photomultiplier tube was cooled to −20 °C by Peltier elements. To calculate the reflectivity of the powder samples, a white standard material was needed. For this purpose, BaSO4 (99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich) powder was used.
The emission spectra were recorded by using an Edinburgh Instruments FLS920 spectrometer equipped with an ozone generating 450 W xenon arc lamp and a single-photon-counting photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R928) which was cooled down to −20 °C. As recorded, the emission spectra were corrected by applying a correction file obtained from a calibrated tungsten incandescent lamp certified by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
To determine the filter efficiency, the coated glass slides were fixed in front of a Spectralon® coated integration sphere, mounted inside an Edinburgh Instruments FS920 spectrometer. The samples were irradiated with a bare Ushio Care222 lamp (i.e. dichroic filter removed) and the transmitted light was detected by a photomultiplier tube R928 (Hamamatsu).
Keil J.N., Kätker H., Wegh R.T., Peeters M.P, & Jüstel T. (2023). Novel bandpass filter for far UV-C emitting radiation sources. Optical Materials, 140, 113866.
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5

Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites

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N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (HPED, 99%, Sigma Aldrich), triethanolamine (TEA, 98%, Sigma Aldrich) and 2,2,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMHDI, TCI America, a mixture of 2, 2, 4 and 2, 4, 4 monomers) were the monomers used in the synthesis. BaSO4 (particle size of 3 μm, 99%, Sigma Aldrich), ZrO2 (particle size of 5 μm, 99%, Sigma Aldrich), and W (particle size >1 μm, 99.95%, Alfa Aesar) were used as additives. Both the monomers and the additives were used without modification.
Weems A.C., Raymond J.E., Wacker K.T., Gustafson T.P., Keller B., Wooley K.L, & Maitland D.J. (2015). Examination of radio-opacity enhancing additives in shape memory polyurethane foams. Journal of applied polymer science, 132(23), 10.1002/APP.42054.
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6

PMMA/HA Microsphere Composites for Bone Cement

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PMMA/HA microsphere composites with various HA contents (5 vol %, 20 vol %, and 40 vol %) were prepared by mixing HA microspheres with PMMA/MMA mixtures. Pre-polymerized PMMA beads (Sunjin Chemical, Ansan, Korea) with a size range of 10–20 µm in diameter were used. An MMA (Yakuri Pure Chemicals Co., Kyoto, Japan) monomer with a purity of 95% was used to complete the polymerization. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as initiator and activator of free radical polymerization, respectively. PMMA prepolymer beads and a liquid MMA monomer containing 1 wt % of BPO powder and liquid DMPT activator were hand-mixed at a 2:1 weight ratio. The mixtures were placed into a cylindrical polyester mold with a diameter of 6 mm. The PMMA/HA composites were then cured in a 70% humidified incubator at 37 °C for 24 h to evaporate the residual MMA monomer. For comparison purposes, PMMA bone cements with HA powders or barium sulfate powders (BaSO4, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as an additive were also produced in a similar way.
Kang I.G., Park C.I., Lee H., Kim H.E, & Lee S.M. (2018). Hydroxyapatite Microspheres as an Additive to Enhance Radiopacity, Biocompatibility, and Osteoconductivity of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bone Cement. Materials, 11(2), 258.
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7

Micro-CT Analysis of Decellularized Kidney

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Decellularized kidney scaffold Micro - CT data was obtained by followed process. The vascular contrast medium was mixed with 40% BaSO4 (USA, sigma) and 5% gelatin, dissolved at 42 ​°C, and administered to the decellularized kidney scaffold. The renal scaffolds directed with the contrast agent scanned using a SKYSCAN 1272 Micro-CT instrument.
Choi M., Yang Y.B., Park S., Rahaman S., Tripathi G, & Lee B.T. (2022). Effect of Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cell and glomerulus endothelial cell to promote endothelialization under optimized perfusion flow rate in whole renal ECM scaffold. Materials Today Bio, 17, 100464.
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