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7 protocols using ab184224

1

Immunoblotting Analysis of Viral Proteins

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Lysates from the above mentioned assays were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, using standard 12% SDS-PAGE to resolve mCherry and its XP-fusion variants, and precast Novex™ 10–20% tricine protein gels (Thermo Fisher) to resolve XPs and enterovirus 2B. Proteins were then transferred to 0.2 µm nitrocellulose membranes and blocked with 4% Marvel milk powder in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Immunoblotting of mCherry was performed using anti-mCherry antibody (Abcam, ab167453, 1:3000). A custom rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against XP peptide SNSGNRVSQDQNLQ (GenScript; only able to detect strongly overexpressed XP, 1:250) and an anti-Strep mouse antibody (Abcam, ab184224, 1:1000) were used for detecting HAstV1 XP and Strep-tagged proteins, respectively. The following antibodies were used for cellular targets: anti-tubulin (Abcam, ab15568, 1:500), anti-VDAC1 (Abcam, ab14734, 1:1000), and anti-LAMIN A + C (Abcam, ab133256, 1:3000). Immunoblots were imaged on a LI-COR ODYSSEY CLx imager and analyzed using Image Studio™ version 5.2.
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2

Immunoblot Analysis of Enterovirus Proteins

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Lysates from virus-infected or pCAG-transfected cells were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, using standard 12% SDS-PAGE to resolve virus structural proteins and precast Novex™ 10–20% tricine protein gels (Thermo fisher) to resolve UP. Proteins were then transferred to 0.2 µm nitrocellulose membranes and blocked with 4% Marvel milk powder in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Immunoblotting of the enterovirus VP3 structural protein was performed using Enterovirus pan monoclonal antibody (Thermo Fisher, MA5-18206) at 1:1,000 dilution. A custom rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against C-terminal UP peptide CPPRKPEPMRLG (GenScript), an anti-Strep mouse antibody (Abcam, ab184224), and an anti-HA mouse antibody (Abcam, ab130275) were used for detection of EV7 UP, EV7 Strep-tagged UP, and PV1 HA-tagged UP, respectively. The following antibodies were used for cellular targets: anti-tubulin (Abcam, ab15568), anti-VDAC1 (Abcam, ab14734), anti-GAPDH (Ambio, AM4300) and anti-calnexin (Merck, MAB3126). To ensure synchronicity of infection, a high MOI was used for virus infections. Immunoblots were imaged and analyzed on a LI-COR imager. The original LICOR scans and quantifications are shown in Fig. S11.
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3

Antibody Panel for Flavivirus Detection

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The following antibodies were used: α-strep tag (ab184224, abcam), α-FLAG tag (F7425, Sigma), α-V5 (A190–120A, Bethyl), α-tubulin (T6199, Sigma), α-WNV capsid (abcam, ab21673), α-WNV capsid (Genetex, GTX131947 ), α-WNV capsid (Sigma, SAB3500912), α-DENV capsid (Genetex, GTX103343), α-ZIKV capsid (Genetex, GTX133317), α-fibrillarin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, AMSA6771), α-fibrillarin (Cell Signaling Technologies, 2639S), α-DDX55 (Bethyl, A303–027A), α-PYM1 (Novus, NBP2–46366), α-MAGOH (Santa Cruz, sc-56724), α-RBM8A (Sigma, HPA018403), α-AIF (Cell Signaling, 5318S), α-Lamin B1 (Abcam, ab231282). The α-flavivirus glycoprotein (4G2) hybridoma was provided by Dr. M. Diamond (Washington University). Alexa-Fluor fluorescent secondary antibodies were from Life Technologies. HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (α-mouse or α-rabbit) were from Amersham.
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4

Antibody Panel for Flavivirus Detection

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The following antibodies were used: α-strep tag (ab184224, abcam), α-FLAG tag (F7425, Sigma), α-V5 (A190–120A, Bethyl), α-tubulin (T6199, Sigma), α-WNV capsid (abcam, ab21673), α-WNV capsid (Genetex, GTX131947 ), α-WNV capsid (Sigma, SAB3500912), α-DENV capsid (Genetex, GTX103343), α-ZIKV capsid (Genetex, GTX133317), α-fibrillarin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, AMSA6771), α-fibrillarin (Cell Signaling Technologies, 2639S), α-DDX55 (Bethyl, A303–027A), α-PYM1 (Novus, NBP2–46366), α-MAGOH (Santa Cruz, sc-56724), α-RBM8A (Sigma, HPA018403), α-AIF (Cell Signaling, 5318S), α-Lamin B1 (Abcam, ab231282). The α-flavivirus glycoprotein (4G2) hybridoma was provided by Dr. M. Diamond (Washington University). Alexa-Fluor fluorescent secondary antibodies were from Life Technologies. HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (α-mouse or α-rabbit) were from Amersham.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Membrane Proteins

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Cell lysates were prepared in 4x loading buffer 200 mM Tris, pH 6.8, 8% SDS, 40% glycerol and 0.02% bromophenol blue under reducing conditions (+ dithiothreitol) and heated to 80°C for 10 min. Samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane using the Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System (Bio-Rad). Membranes were blocked in 5% powdered milk in PBS-T (0.05% Tween-20 in PBS) for 1 h at room temperature with constant agitation. Membranes were washed with PBS-T and incubated with primary antibody anti-CD147 (ab232967, Abcam), anti-ASCT2 (SLC1A5) (V501, Cell Signaling), anti-CD98 (12206-T62, sino biologicals), anti-E1, anti-Strep (ab184224 or ab180957, Abcam) and anti-E2 (NR44002, Bei Resources) overnight at 4°C. After washing with PBS-T, the membranes were incubated the secondary antibody anti-mouse (ab6728, Abcam) or anti-rabbit (ab6721, Abcam) for 1 h at room temperature. Detection was done with the Amersham ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE healthcare).
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6

Overexpression of Ostreococcus CNNM Genes

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Ostreococcus cultures were grown for 6–7 days in artificial sea water (ASW) under 12/12 h light/dark cycles at 20 °C, under enriched blue light (183 Moonlight Blue Filter), as previously described [37 (link)]. New transgenic lines overexpressing OtCNNM1 (ostta05g01490) and OtCNNM2 (ostta11g01030) genes were PCR-amplified using specific primers incorporating the STREP tag sequence (Table S2). Then, fragments were digested with AvrII (NEB) and ligated into the pOTOX vector [22 (link)]. Genomic transformation was conducted as previously published [38 (link)] and performed under the CCA1-LUC background line [22 (link)]. Positive colonies were selected with ClonNAT antibiotic (Nourseothricin, Jena Bioscience) and protein samples were validated by immunoblotting using an anti-STREP antibody (Strep-II antibody, abcam ab184224).
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7

Multimerization of overexpressed XP

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To analyze multimerization of overexpressed XP, electroporation of Huh7.5.1 cells was performed in full media at 220 V and 975 µF using a Bio-Rad Gene Pulser. At 20 hpe, cells were washed with PBS and co-immunoprecipitation was performed using the Pierce™ Magnetic HA-Tag IP/Co-IP Kit (Thermo Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Aliquots of input (5%) and immunoprecipitation fractions were analyzed by western blot using the indicated tag-specific antibodies: anti-HA (Abcam, ab20084, 1:1000) and anti-Strep (Abcam, ab184224, 1:1000).
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