XRD spectra of the catalysts were collected using Rigaku
Smart Lab SE X-ray diffractometer (Cu-Kα radiation at
λ = 0.15406 nm). The average crystallite size of the nanoparticles was estimated using the Debye–Scherrer
eqn (1):
28,34 (link) where
Z is the diameter of the average crystallite size (angstrom or nm);
λ is the X-ray wavelength (1.5406 A) for Cu Kα;
θ is the Bragg angle;
k is the Scherrer constant (typically from 0.9 to 1.0);
B is the full width at half maximum.
AFM was used to study the sample's surface morphology and dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS(EG) using a Nanotec Electronica SPM with and without the EG. The images were processed with WsxM software (v3.1).
The morphology of rGO/PEDOT:PSS(EG)/Pt was characterized by a FESEM (Hitachi,
S-4800) and an EDS (HORIBA,
EX-250) coupled on the FESEM was used to confirm the component of the rGO/PEDOT:PSS(EG)/Pt.
Getachew T., Addis F., Mehretie S., Yip H.L., Xia R, & Admassie S. (2020). Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen at platinum nanoparticles dispersed on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composites. RSC Advances, 10(51), 30519-30528.