Annexin V/PI apoptosis-detection kit (Nanjing KeyGen Biotech Co., Ltd.) was used to evaluate the apoptosis according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The stained cells were immediately examined using an EPICS XL-MCL FACScan flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA, USA) and analyzed using FlowJo 8.7.1 software (Ashland, OR). The results showed healthy viable cells in the lower left quadrant (Q4) on the scatter plot as (FITC-/PI-). The lower right quadrant (Q3) represented the early stage apoptotic cells as (FITC + /PI-). The upper right quadrant (Q2) represented necrotic cells and late stage apoptotic cells as (FITC + /PI +). Apoptotic rate = percentage of early stage apoptotic cells (Q3) + percentage of late stage apoptotic cells (Q2) [15 (link)].
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