Intact chloroplasts and thylakoid, stroma and envelop subfractions were isolated as described in our previous study (Chen et al., 2018 (link)). Western blotting was performed according to standard techniques using specific antibodies. Immunodetection of proteins on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was performed using an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Invitrogen), and analyzed by a ChemiDoc Touch imaging system (Bio‐Rad).
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