Local BLAST was performed to search for Mtb homologs of tRNA modifying enzymes. First, the uniport IDs of tRNA modifying enzymes were obtained from Modomics[24 (link)], and 12 proteins were manually added to the list [16 (link),54 (link)–58 (link)], including Q47319/TapT, P24188/TrhO, P76403/TrhP, O32034/TrhP1, O32035/TrhP2, P36566/CmoM, and Q87K36/TrcP, O34614/MnmM, Q8N5C7/DTWD1, Q8NBA8/DTWD2, O32036/TrmR, Q9KV41/AcpA. Uniprot ID provides a fasta file of tRNA modifying enzymes from the Uniprot database[59 (link)]. A blast database file was generated by ‘makeblastdb’ script using a fasta file of Mtb proteins (H37Rv strain) retrieved from NCBI. Then, the homologs of tRNA modifying enzymes were searched against the Mtb protein database using the fasta file of tRNA modifying enzymes as a query. Output format is defined by the following script: -outfmt “7 qacc sacc stitle score qcovs evalue pident” -evalue 1e-10. The output file was modified by excel (Supplementary Table 4).