We used CRF-Cre mice (53 (link)), GAD67-Cre mice (54 (link)), VGAT-IRES-Cre mice (55 (link)), Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice (the Jackson laboratory, no. 007914), and orexin-flp mice (24 (link)) on the C57BL/6J background. Mice were bred and reared in the animal facility at the Nagoya University, where environmental conditions were controlled (lights on was 8:00 to 20:00, light intensity was approximately 100 to 300 lux at the bottom of cage, the ambient temperature was 23° ± 2°C, and humidity was 60 ± 10%). Male mice (2 to 5 months) were used in the all experiments, except for locomotor activity, immunohistochemistry, and acute brain slice experiments. All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan (approval nos. 18232, 18239, and 18257).