The metabolomics and isotope tracing analyses were performed on an Agilent 1290 Infinity Liquid Chromatography (LC) System (Agilent) coupled to a Q-TOF 6545 mass spectrometer (MS; Agilent). Targeted analysis, isotopologues extraction, and natural isotope abundance correction were performed with Agilent Profinder B.10.00 (Agilent) as previously described (4 (link)). Data are presented as mean ± SD across three biological replicates.