Total free amino acids (FAAs) in water-soluble extracts of fecal media were determined using a Biochrom 30 series Amino Acid Analyzer (Biochrom Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Waterbeach Cambridge, UK), equipped with a sodium cation-exchange column (20 by 0.46 cm, inner diameter), as previously described [29 (link)]. The analysis was performed after 24 h of probiotic growth in fecal media obtained from pooled and sterilized feces of healthy subjects (HC) or chronic kidney disease patients (CKD).
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