We included all six PFASs in the EPA’s proposed
PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation as well as five PFCAs
that are frequently observed in the natural environment (Table S1), including perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA,
C4), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA, C5), perfluoroheptanoic acid
(PFHpA, C7), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, C10), and perfluoroundecanoic
acid (PFUnDA, C11). In addition to these 11 perfluorinated chemicals,
this study also included three cationic and zwitterionic PFASs (Table S1), perfluorooctaneamido betaine (PFOAB),
perfluorooctaneamido ammonium salt (PFOAAmS), and N-(3-perfluoroalkylsulfonamidopropan-1-yl)-N,N,Ntrimethylammonium
(C8-N-TAmP-FASA7 (link)) that
is also named as perfluorooctanesulfonamido ammonium salt (PFOSAmS)
in other studies.31 (link),51 (link) The GAC was Filtrasorb 200 (Calgon
Carbon Corporation, PA) (BET surface area, 691.4 m2/g;
microporosity, 0.3 cm3/g; mesoporosity, 0.07 cm3/g; Figure S2). The resin was a single-use
AIX resin (AmberChrom® 1X8, formerly Dowex ® 1X8).
The induction heating device was a handheld induction-heating tool
(Bolt Buster) procured from LACE Technologies, Inc (Addison, IL, USA).
Stainless-steel reactors (7 mL; 45 mm in height and 19 mm in outside
diameter) with a stainless-steel screw lid were obtained from the
QAQC Lab Inc. (White Stone, VA, USA) for induction heating experiments.
The reactor temperature during induction heating was recorded using
a Digi-Sense dual-laser infrared thermometer (Cole Parmer, IL, USA)
in a continuous scan mode connected to a computer with an infrared
thermometer software package (Figure S1).