The SNARE proteins were essentially isolated as previously described (Mima et al., 2008 (link)). Vti1p and Nyv1p were gel-filtered into RB150/ß-OG (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol [vol/vol], 1% [wt/vol] ß-octyl glucoside) after purification using Sephacryl S-200 HR (GE Healthcare Biosciences, Pittsburgh, PA). A complete detergent exchange was confirmed by determining the 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) concentrations in elution fractions (Urbani and Warne, 2005 (link)); only fractions with no residual amounts of CHAPS were pooled and used in the reconstitution experiments. Ypt7p (Hickey et al., 2009 (link)), Sec17p (Schwartz and Merz, 2009 (link)), His6-Sec18p (Haas and Wickner, 1996 (link)), and HOPS (Hickey and Wickner, 2010 (link)) were isolated as previously described.