Enterocyte-like HT29 cells (39 (link)) were used for analysis with the MUSE Cell Analyzer (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). HT29 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were routinely grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimal essential medium (DMEM) (Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Kyoto, Japan) supplemented with 10% sterilized fetal bovine serum (Valley Biomedical, Inc., Winchester, VA, USA) and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic mixed stock solution (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.). HT29 cells were incubated in 5% CO2 at 37˚C. Cell treatment was performed as previously described (40 (link)).