P. gulae strains ATCC 51700 (fimA type A) [7 (link)], D040 (fimA type B) [7 (link)], and D049 (fimA type C) [3 (link)] were used in this study. Each strain was isolated from an oral swab specimen from a dog and confirmed to be P. gulae using a molecular biological method described previously [3 (link)]. P. gulae strains were cultured in Trypticase soy broth (Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) supplemented with yeast extract (1 mg/ml), hemin (5 µg/ml), and menadione (1 µg/ml), as described previously [5 (link)].
Escherichia coli DH5α (Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan) and E. coli BL21 (Nippon Gene) were used as host strains for transformation of plasmid DNA. E. coli strains were grown in Luria-Bertani (LB; 1% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl) medium; LB agar was prepared by the addition of 1.5% agar. When necessary, kanamycin sodium (100 µg/ml) was added to the medium.
Escherichia coli DH5α (Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan) and E. coli BL21 (Nippon Gene) were used as host strains for transformation of plasmid DNA. E. coli strains were grown in Luria-Bertani (LB; 1% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl) medium; LB agar was prepared by the addition of 1.5% agar. When necessary, kanamycin sodium (100 µg/ml) was added to the medium.
Free full text: Click here
